0236 St Anterus ends his reign as Catholic Pope 0269 St Felix I begins his reign as Catholic Pope 0936 Duke Alberik II of Spoleto appoints his son Pope Leo VII 1338 Jacob of Arteveld elected mayor of Ghent 1407 Bloody battles between Hoeksen & Kabeljauwen in Dordrecht 1431 Joan of Arc handed over to the bishop 1521 Martin Luther excommunicated by Roman Catholic Church 1638 Schouwburg Theatre, the 1st in Amsterdam, opens 1638 Dutch Premier Van Joost speaks of "Hostage rights of Aemstel" 1667 Russia & Poland sign Truce of Androsovo 1746 Bonnie Prince Charlies army leaves Glasgow 1750 Tax revolt in Haarlem Netherlands 1752 East Indies invasion "Geldermalsen" leaves at Malakka 92 killed 1777 Washington defeats British at Battle of Princeton, New Jersey 1780 Danish national anthem "Kong Kristian", 1st sung 1825 Scottish factory owner Robert Owen buys 30,000 acres in Indiana as site for New Harmony utopian community 1831 1st US building & loan association organized, Frankford PA 1833 Britain seizes control of Falkland Islands in South Atlantic 1840 1st deep sea sounding 1847 California town of Yerba Buena renamed San Francisco 1852 1st Chinese arrive in Hawaii 1861 Delaware legislature rejects proposal to join Confederacy 1861 US Fort Pulaski & Fort Jackson, Savannah, seized by Georgia 1862 Romney Campaign - Stonewall Jackson moves north from Winchester 1865 Con Orem & Hugh O'Neill box 193 rounds before darkness ends match 1868 Meiji Restoration returns authority to Japan's emperors 1870 Brooklyn Bridge construction begins; completed May 24, 1883 1871 Oleomargarine patented by Henry Bradley, Binghamton NY 1872 1st patent list issued by US Patent Office 1876 1st free kindergarten in US opens in Florence MA 1888 1st wax drinking straw patented, by Marvin C Stone in Washington DC 1889 Admissions convention meets in Ellensburg WA, asks for statehood 1890 1st US college-level dairy school opens at University of Wisconsin 1896 Emperor Wilhelm congratulates President Kruger on the Jameson Raid 1900 Perihelion Passage 1900 Gerhart Hauptmanns "Schluck und Jau" premieres in Berlin 1902 Reg Duff 104 on Test debut, vs England at MCG 1910 British miners strike for 8 hour working day 1911 US postal savings bank inaugurated 1912 Southern Pacific RR offers to bring Liberty Bell to Exposition, free 1914 Kelman/Cushing/Heath' musical "Sari" premieres in New York City NY 1918 US employment service opens as a unit of Department of Labor 1920 New York Yankees purchase Babe Ruth from Red Sox for $125,000 1920 Arthur Honegger's "Chant de Nigamon" premieres 1921 Turkey makes peace with Armenia 1922 1st living person identified on a US coin (Thomas E Kirby) on the Alabama Centennial half-dollar 1924 British Egyptologist Howard Carter finds sarcophagus of Tutankhamun 1925 Mussolini dissolves Italian parliament/becomes dictator 1926 Greek General Theodorus Pángulos names himself dictator 1929 27 year old William S Paley becomes CBS president 1929 Bradman scores 112 vs England at MCG - his 1st Test century 1931 Nels Stewart of Montréal Maroons scores 2 goals in 4 seconds (record) 1938 March of Dimes established to fight polio 1939 Gene Cox becomes 1st girl page in US House of Representatives 1940 WPG-AM in Atlantic City NJ consolidates with WBIL & WOV as "new" WOV 1941 Canada & US acquire air bases in Newfoundland (99 year lease) 1941 Italian counter offensive in Albania 1941 Sergei Rachmaninov's "Symphonic Dances" premieres in Philadelphia 1942 American-British-Dutch-Australian (ABDA) Command forms 1943 1st missing persons telecast (New York City NY) 1943 Canadian Army troops arrive in North Africa 1945 Cato-Meridian School, NY, installs germicidal lamps in every room 1945 Allies land on west coast of Burma, conquer Akyab 1945 British Prime Minister Winston Churchill visits France 1945 Greek General Plastiras forms government 1945 John Patrick's "Hasty Heart" premieres in New York City NY 1945 US aircraft carriers attack Okinawa 1947 William Dawson becomes 1st black to head congressional committee 1947 1st opening session of Congress to be televised 1948 Bradman completes dual Test tons (132 & 127*) vs India MCG 1949 "Colgate Theatre" dramatic anthology series premieres on NBC TV 1951 Fred Wilt wins AAU Sullivan Memorial Trophy (US athlete of 1950) 1952 "Dragnet" with Jack Webb premieres on NBC TV 1952 Australia beat W Indies by one wicket at the MCG, last stand 38 1955 José Ramon Guizado becomes President of Panamá 1957 1st electric watch introduced, Lancaster PA 1958 Edmund Hillary reaches South Pole overland 1958 Lindsay Kline takes a hat-trick vs South Africa at Cape Town 1959 Alaska admitted as 49th US state 1961 Adam Clayton Powell elected Chairman of House Education & Labor 1961 US breaks diplomatic relations with Cuba 1962 Ground is broken for the Houston Astrodome 1962 Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro 1963 WOUB TV channel 20 in Athens, OH (PBS) begins broadcasting 1964 Jack Paar Show, shows a clip of the Beatles singing "She Loves You" 1966 Floyd B McKissick, named national director of CORE 1967 Carl Wilson of the Beach Boys is indicted for draft evasion 1967 "Tonight Show" is shortened from 105 to 90 minutes 1967 WJAN TV channel 17 in Canton, OH (IND) begins broadcasting 1969 John Lennon's "2 Virgins" album declared pornographic in New Jersey 1969 Representative Adam Clayton Powell Jr seated by Congress 1970 Marxist government takes over in Congo 1970 "Mame" closes at Winter Garden Theater New York City NY after 1508 performances 1970 WHAG TV channel 25 in Hagerstown, MD (NBC) begins broadcasting 1971 Baltimore Colts beat Oakland Raiders 27-17 in AFC championship game 1971 Dallas Cowboys beat San Francisco 49ers 17-10 in NFC championship game 1971 "President's Daughter" closes at Billy Rose Theater New York City NY after 72 performances 1973 George Steinbrenner III buys Yankees from CBS for $12 million 1974 Gold hits record $121.25 an ounce in London 1974 Arias Navarro succeeds Carrero Blanco as premier of Spain 1974 Burma accepts its constitution 1974 Miguel Piñero's "Short Eyes" premieres in New York City NY 1974 New York Yankees sign Bill Virdon as manager 1976 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site 1977 Apple Computer incorporated 1977 Lindy McDaniel retires with 2nd most pitching appearances (987 games) 1978 Chandrasekar takes 6-52 & 6-52 at MCG in Indian innings win 1980 Gold hits record $634 an ounce 1981 Cleveland Cavaliers retire jersey #34, Austin Carr 1981 55th Australian Womens Tennis H Mandlikova beats W Turnbull (60 75) 1981 Greg Chappell scores 204 vs India at the SCG 1981 Mary Terstegge Meagher swims female record 100 meter butterfly (58.91) 1983 Tony Dorsett sets NFL record with 99-yard rush, Dallas vs Minnesota 1984 Syria frees captured US pilot after appeal from Jesse Jackson 1985 Israel government confirms resettlement of 10,000 Ethiopian Jews 1985 Azharuddin scores 110 in 1st Test innings 1987 "Oh Coward!" closes at Helen Hayes Theater New York City NY after 56 performances 1987 "Smile" closes at Lunt-Fontanne Theater New York City NY after 48 performances 1987 Rock & Roll Hall of Fame inducts 1st female artist Aretha Franklin 1987 Former Miss America Vanessa Williams marries Ramon T Hervey in New York City NY 1988 Israel orders 9 Palestinian "instigators" deported from W Beirut 1988 Margaret Thatcher becomes longest-serving British PM this century 1989 Jim & Tammy Bakker return to TV (Oy Vey!) 1989 Russian newspaper Izvestia gets its 1st commercial advertisement 1990 Panamá's leader General Manuel Noriega surrenders to US authorities 1991 Israel reopens consulate in USSR after 23 years 1991 Los Angeles King Wayne Gretzky scores his 700th goal against New York Islanders 1992 32 Cubans defect to the US via helicopter 1992 Boon completes 11 Test Cricket century, 129* vs India at Sydney 1993 "Catskills on Broadway" closes at Lunt-Fontanne New York City NY after 452 performances 1993 "Christmas Carol" closes at Broadhurst Theater New York City NY after 22 performances 1993 "Lost in Yonkers" closes at Richard Rodgers New York City NY after 780 performances 1993 "Secret Garden" closes at St James Theater New York City NY after 706 performances 1993 "Tommy Tune Tonite!" closes at Gershwin New York City NY after 10 performances 1993 Junk bond king Michael Milkin is released from jail after 22 months 1994 "Gray's Anatomy" closes at Beaumont Theater New York City NY after 13 performances 1994 100s killed in Venezuela in prison revolt 1994 35-foot-tall Chief Wahoo, trademark of Indians on top of Stadium since 1962, is taken down, to be moved to Jacob's Field 1994 Tupolev-154M crashes at Irkutsk, Siberia 122 killed 1997 Bryant Gumbel co-hosted his final "Today" show on NBC-TV 1997 Eddo Brandes takes ODI hat-trick vs England at Harare 1997 Zimbabwe clean-sweep ODI series vs England 3-0 1998 "Side Show" closes at Richard Rodgers New York City NY after 91 performances 1998 Grandpa Jones suffers a stroke 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Missing in Action...
1968 ANDERSON ROGER D. DAYTON TX 01/12/68 ESCAPED 1968 BEAN JAMES E. COX'S CREEK KY 03/14/73 RELEASED BY DRV 1968 ELLIS BILLY J. ELIZABETHTON TN 1968 ESTES EDWARD D. MARIONVILLE MO 03/14/73 RELEASED BY DRV 1968 LANCASTER KENNETH R. SILVER SPRINGS MD 1971 AYRES JAMES H. PAMPA TX 1971 HOLGUIN LUIS G. OXNARD CA 1971 MAGEE PATRICK J. ALDER MT 1971 OMELIA DENNIS W. SMITHFIELD NC 1971 OKERLUND THOMAS R. SEATTLE WA 1971 PALEN CARL A. DUBUQUE IA 1971 PARSONS MICHAEL D. RENO NV 1971 RHODES FERRIS A JR. GREENWOOD SC 1971 STRATTON CHARLES W. DALLAS TX 1973 SCAIFE KENNETH DOYLE JOHNSTOWN PA 1975 RAWLINGS JAMES REFNO 2050 REMAINS ID 07 FEB 94
BB-39 USS ARIZONA- 02-03-2006
Births which occurred on January 03:
0106 -BC-Marcus Tullius Cicero Rome, statesman/author (Academica) 1624 William Tucker 1st Black child born in America 1680 Johann Baptist Zimmermann German stucco worker 1730 Charles Palissot de Montenoy French writer/politician 1757 Johann Abraham Sixt composer 1763 Joseph Fesch French cardinal/war commission/earl/senator 1777 Louis Poinsot French instrument worker 1777 M A Elisa Bonaparte Corsican monarch of Lucca/Piombino 1786 Johann Christian Friedrich Schneider composer 1789 Carl G Carus German physician/psychologist/philosopher 1793 Lucretia Coffin Mott US, teacher/minister/abolitionist/feminist 1802 Feliks Ostrowski composer 1803 Douglas William Jerrold London, author/playwright/wit (Punch Magazine) 1810 Eliza Von Bretton di Zerega Danish West Indies, baroness 1810 Antoine T d'Abbadie French explorer (Ethiopia) 1819 Thomas Hill Watts Attorney General (Confederacy), died in 1892 1823 Jaak-Nikolaas Lemmens Flemish composer 1829 John G R Acquoy theologist/church historian 1829 Konrad Duden German linguist (Der grosse Duden) 1830 Alexander Ewing composer 1835 Larkin Goldsmith Mead sculptor 1840 Father Joseph Damien de Veuster Belgium, helped lepers in Hawaii 1853 Iwan Knorr composer 1868 Franz V M Cumont Belgian religious historian 1869 Paul Charles Rene Landormy composer 1870 Henry Handel Richardson Australia, novelist (Richard Mahoney) 1870 Henry Eichheim composer 1876 Wilhelm Pieck co-founder German Communist Party/President (1949-60) 1879 Grace Anna Goodhue Coolidge 1st lady (1923-29) 1882 Willem Benoy Flemish actor/director (Pygmalion) 1883 Clement Richard Attlee (L) British PM (1945-51) 1884 Eli S Jones US, evangelist (Christ of Indian road) 1884 Raoul Armand Georg Koczalski composer 1886 Arthur Mailey cricketer (great Aussie leg-spinner & cartoonist) 1886 John G Fletcher US, poet (Epic of Arkansas) 1886 Josephine Hull Newtonville MA, Academy award character actress (Harvey) 1887 Helen Parkhurst US educator (Education on the Dalton plan) 1891 Osip E Mandelstam Polish/Russian poet/author (Kamenj) 1892 John Ronald Reuel Tolkien South Africa, philologist/writer (Lord of Rings) 1893 Pierre Drieu La Rochelle French novelist/essayist (Gilles) 1895 Boris Mykolayovich Lyatoshyns'ky composer 1895 Mihail Andricu composer 1897 Marion Davies [Marion Cecelia Douras], Brooklyn NY, actress (Operator 13) 1897 Pola Negri [Barbara A Chalupec], Polish/US actress (Madame Bovary) 1898 Johannes Hin Holland, yachtsman (Olympics-gold-1920) 1898 ZaSu Pitts Parsons Kansas, actress (Life With Father, Dames) 19-- Tom Bower Denver CO, actor (Dr Willard-The Waltons) 1900 Dorothy Arnzer director 1900 Maurice Jaubert composer 1901 Eric Voegelin Germany, US philosopher (Order & History) 1901 Ngo Dinh Diem President/Dictator of South Vietnam (1955-63) 1902 Henry Lennox d'Aubigny Hopkinson diplomat/politician 1903 Charles Foulkes Canada, General 1904 Boris Kochno Russian ballet dancer (La Chatte) 1905 Ray Milland Neath Wales, actor (Lost Weekend-Academy Award 1945) 1905 Dante Giacosa engineer/designer 1906 Roman Brandstaetter writer 1907 Anna May Wong Los Angeles CA, actress (Impact, Study in Scarlet) 1909 Victor Borge [Borge Rosenbaum], Copenhagen Denmark, pianist/comedian 1910 Thomas Stuart Willan historian 1911 John Sturges US, director (Old Man & Sea, Magnificent 7) 1912 Robert Flemyng Liverpool England, actor (Windom's Way, Young Winston) 1914 Jean Louvel Flemish pianist/conductor/composer 1916 Betty Furness New York City NY, actress/consumer activist (Studio 1) 1916 Antonio Estevez composer 1917 Vernon Walters New York City NY, US permanent representative to the UN 1918 Maxene Andrews Minnesota, singer (Andrew Sisters-Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy) 1921 John Russell Los Angeles CA, actor (Pale Rider, Rio Bravo) 1922 Bill Travers Newcastle-on-Tyne England, actor (Born Free, Gorgo) 1922 Jacques Wildberger Swiss composer (In My End is My Beginning) 1922 Morten Nielsen Denmark, poet/resistance fighter 1923 Dragutin Gostuski composer 1923 Jaroslav Hasek Czech writer (Good Soldier Schweyk) 1924 Andre Franquin cartoonist 1924 Henry M Fazzie South African Union/UDF-leader 1924 Roy Harding British teacher 1926 George Martin record producer (The Beatles) 1926 Danny Overbea blues singer/guitarist 1928 Frank Ross Anderson Canada, International Chess Master (1954) 1929 Marilyn Lloyd (Representative-D-TN, 1975- ) 1929 Sergio Leone Italian, director (Fist Full of Dollars) 1930 Eddie Egan Bronx New York City, actor (Joe Forrester) 1930 Robert Loggia Staten Island, actor (Officer & a Gentleman, THE Cat) 1932 Anatoli Petrovich Kuklin Russia, cosmonaut 1932 Jaswick Taylor cricketer (West Indies pace bowler 50s, 10 wickets in 3 Tests) 1932 Mara Corday Santa Monica CA, actress (Foxfire, Black Scorpion) 1934 Carla Hills politician (US Presidential Commission on Housing-1982) 1934 Bryan George Kelly composer 1936 Betty Rollin actress (Crossing Delancey)/author (Last Wish) 1936 David Vine British sport commentator 1936 Jos Kunst composer 1939 Bobby Hull NHL forward (Chicago Blackhawk 1957-72) 1940 Thelma Schoonmaker actress/editor (Casino, Cape Fear, Good Fellas) 1941 Van Dyke Parks Alabama, actor/musician (Bonino, Billy Crystal Hour) 1941 Shima Iwashita actress (Red Lion, Hara-Kiri, Double Suicide) 1944 Christina von Saltza US, swimmer (Olympics-3 gold/silver-1960) 1945 Victoria Principal Fukuoka Japan, actress (Earthquake, Pamela-Dallas) 1945 Stephen Stills Dallas TX, singer/songwriter/guitarist (Crosby Stills & Nash) 1946 John Paul Jones rocker (Led Zeppelin-Stairway to Heaven) 1947 Sergey Filipovich Protchenko Russian cosmonaut 1948 Larry McNeeley Lafayette IN, banjo player (Glen Campbell Hour) 1948 Manfred Kokot East German runner (world record 50 meter indoor) 1950 Beth Anderson composer 1951 Frank Chikane Secretary-General of South African Council of Churches 1953 Angelo Parisi France, heavyweight judo (Olympics-gold-1980) 1954 Ross The Boss rocker 1955 Cynthia Sykes Coffeyville KY, actress (Flamingo Road, St Elsewhere) 1956 Mel Gibson Peekskill NY, actor (Mad Max, Mrs Soffel, Lethal Weapon) 1957 Frank Dicopoulos Akron OH, actor (Frank Cooper-Guiding Light) 1959 Rusty Golden rocker (Boys Band) 1960 Joan Chen [Chen Chung], Shanghai China, actress (Last Emperor) 1961 Erwin Blom Dutch singer/guitarist (Eton Crop) 1962 Darren Daulton US baseball catcher (Philadelphia Phillies) 1962 Gavin Hastings WLAF kicker (Scottish Claymores) 1962 Mark Gardner US baseball player (Florida Marlins) 1962 Ulrike Lang writer 1963 Aamer Malik cricketer (Pakistani batsman in 13 Tests 1987-90) 1963 Ashley Chinner Cape Town South Africa, golfer (1992 CGIA Canadian Tour) 1963 Jim Everett NFL quarterback (Los Angeles Raiders, New Orleans Saints, San Diego Chargers) 1964 Cheryl Miller Riverside CA, basketball player (Olympics-gold-1984) 1965 Daniel Stubbs NFL defensive end (Philadelphia Eagles, Miami Dolphins) 1965 Mark Dewey Grand Rapids MI, pitcher (San Francisco Giants) 1966 Chetan Sharma cricketer (Indian Test bowler, World Cup hat-trick 1987) 1966 John Kropke CFL defensive tackle (Saskatchewan Roughriders) 1966 Luis Sojo Barquisimeto Venezuela, infielder (Seattle Mariners) 1966 Wendell Davis NFL wide receiver (Indianapolis Colts) 1967 Helena Bonham Carter London England, actress (Getting it Right) 1967 Joseph Amor San Jose, video game record holder (Space Invaders) 1967 Demetri Davis WLAF tight end (Barcelona Dragons) 1967 Magnus Gustafsson Sweden, tennis star 1968 Kent Carlsson Sweden, tennis star 1968 Kerry Huffman Peterborough, NHL defenseman (Philadelphia Flyers, Ottawa) 1968 Shannon Sturges actress (Savannah) 1968 Thomas Rayam CFL offensive linebacker (Edmonton Eskimos) 1969 Matt LaBounty defensive end (Seattle Seahawks) 1969 Nikki Nelson Topaz Lake NV, country singer (Highway 101-Cry Cry Cry) 1969 Steve Poapst Cornwall, NHL defenseman (Washington Capitals) 1970 James Brown NFL tackle (New York Jets) 1970 Tony Farmer NBA forward (Charlotte Hornets) 1970 Trudi Jeffrey Brisbane Queensland Australia, golfer (1990 Australian Jr Champion) 1970 Yogi Johl Vancouver BC, 130 kg Greco Roman wrestler (Olympics-96) 1971 Cory Cross Lloydminster, NHL defenseman (Tampa Bay Lightning) 1971 Ku'ualoha Taylor Hawaii, Miss Hawaii-USA (Miss Congeniality-1996) 1971 Rene van Rijswijk Dutch soccer player (RKC) 1972 Charles Johnson NFL wide receiver (Pittsburgh Steelers) 1972 Deborah Carter WNBA forward (Utah Starzz) 1972 Jacques Wildberger composer 1973 Paula Knoll Moorhead MN, Miss Minnesota-America (1995) 1973 Tyrone Brown NFL wide receiver (Atlanta Falcons) 1974 Stefan Ustorf Kaufbeuren Germany, NHL right wing (Washington Capitals) 1974 Todd Warriner Blenheim, NHL left wing (Toronto Maple Leafs) 1975 Danica McKellar actress (Winnie Cooper-Wonder Years) 1975 Jason Marsden actor (General Hospital, Eddie-Munsters Today) 1976 Mendel Witzenhauser soccer player (Ajax, VVV) 1977 Beata Handra San Francisco CA, dance skater (& Sinek-1997 Pacific Coast Senior 3rd) 1980 Angela Ruggiero ice hockey defenseman (USA, Olympics-98) )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
Deaths which occurred on January 03:
1322 Philip V the Tall, King of France (1316-22), dies 1501 Ali Sjir Neva'i [Fani] Turkish poet/author, dies at 59 1543 Juan Cabrillo conqueror of Central America, discoverer of California, dies 1552 Henry II of Bavaria bishop of Utrecht (1524-29), dies at 64 1560 Peder Palladus Danish church reformer (Visitasbog), dies at about 56 1570 Bartholomeus Latomus [Steinmetz], Flemish archbishop of Trier, dies 1571 Joachim II Hector elector (Brandenburg), dies at 65 1628 Francesco Maria Guaitoli composer, dies at 64 1641 Jeremiah Horrocks English astronomical prodigy, dies at 22 1661 Maria Henriëtte Stuart (of Orange) English Princess Royal/eldest daughter of the English king Charles I/mother of English king William III, dies of smallpox at 29 1670 George Monck English General (-to the-sea), dies at 61 1759 Marquis & Marquess of Tavora Portuguese nobles, executed 1761 Willem de Fesch Dutch violinist/composer (Joseph), dies at 73 1795 Josiah Wedgwood British, ceramic craftsman/woodworker, dies at 64 1829 Robert Archibald Smith composer, dies at 48 1835 Willem F Röell Dutch baron/minister of Internal Affairs, dies at 67 1836 Friedrich Witt composer, dies at 65 1841 Wilhelmus Kist writer/director of Dutch (Official) Gazette, dies at 82 1853 Theodor Uhlig composer, dies at 30 1858 Rachel [Elisabeth Rachel-Félix], French singer/actress (Muse), dies at 36 1865 Jozef Lies Flemish painter, dies at 43 1868 Moritz Hauptmann composer, dies at 75 1870 Constantine D Uschinsky Russian educationalist, dies at 46 1873 John Lodge Ellerton composer, dies at 71 1875 George Bizet composer, dies 1875 Baldassare Galuppi Italian composer (opera's buff), dies at 68 1882 William H Ainsworth English writer (Guy Fawkes), dies at 76 1898 James Wimshurst British designer/inventor (vacuum pump), dies at 70 1900 Edwin George Monk composer, dies at 80 1907 Josef Foerster composer, dies at 73 1912 Felix Dahn writer, dies at 77 1914 Stephane Raoul Pugno composer, dies at 62 1915 James E Flecker British diplomat/novelist (Hassan), dies at 30 1923 Jaroslav Hasek Czech writer (Good Soldier Schweyk), dies at 39 1931 Joseph J C Joffre French marshal, dies at 78 1933 Wilhelm Cuno German Reich's chancellor (1922-23), dies at 56 1938 Arthur Boon Flemish priest/philologist, dies at 54 1942 Pauline Beersmans [PLJM van Cuyck], Flemish actress, dies at 70 1945 Fyodor Akimenko composer, dies at 68 1946 William Joyce (Lord Haw Haw), hanged in Britain for treason 1951 Fred Barlow composer, dies at 69 1956 Alexander Tikhonovich Gretshaninov Russian/US composer, dies at 91 1960 Victor Seastrom entertainer, dies at 80 1963 Oscar Backing Austria/Netherlands viola player, dies at 83 1965 Betty Harte entertainer, dies at 82 1965 Julius Tannen comedian, dies at 84 1966 Rex Lease actor (Perils of Pauline, Dakota, California), dies at 62 1967 Jack Ruby assassin who killed assassin Lee Harvey Oswald, dies at 55 1967 Mary Garden opera star, dies at 92 1969 Howard McNear actor (Irma La Douce), dies after long illness at 63 1972 Frans Masereel Flemish WWII resistance fighter (Le Soleil), dies at 82 1974 Gino Cervi actor (Becket, Don Camillo), dies at 72 1975 Milton J Cross TV announcer (Met Opera Auditions), dies at 87 1975 Robert Neumann Austrian/British author (False Flag), dies at 77 1975 Walter Linck Swiss sculptor, dies at 71 1976 Mal Evans Beatles' roadie, dies 1976 Mateusz Glinski composer, dies at 83 1976 Michael V Love US test pilot (X-24), dies in F-4 crash at 37 1977 Avraham Ofer Israeli minister of housing, commits suicide 1977 Benno Stokvis Dutch attorney/politician, dies at 75 1979 Conrad Hilton US founder (Hilton Hotels), dies at 91 1980 Amos Milburn rocker, dies at 52 1980 Axel Springer Jr German photographer, commits suicide at 38 1980 Ivan Triesault actor (Von Ryan's Express, Desert Fox), dies at 81 1980 Joy Adamson author (Born Free), killed by her servant at 69 1982 Derek Sealy cricketer (West Indies 1930-39), dies 1985 Lucien Cailliet composer, dies at 93 1986 Jens Bjerre composer, dies at 82 1988 Gaston Eyskens PM of Belgium (1949, 1958-61, 1968-72), dies at 82 1988 Rose Ausländer writer, dies at 70 1988 William Cagney actor (Torrid Zone), dies of a heart attack at 82 1990 Ken Hill actor (Cobra, Protocol), dies 1992 Dame Judith Anderson actress (Star Trek 3, Laura, Rebecca), dies of pneumonia at 93 1992 Anthony Del Casino band leader (Charlie Barnet Band), dies at 79 1992 Ken Grieves cricketer (New South Wales & Lancashire leg-spin all-rounder), dies 1992 Lewis Michael Friedman pianist, dies at 47 of AIDS 1992 Radomiro Tomic Chilean President (1970), dies 1993 Peter Brocco blacklisted in the 1950's, dies of heart attack at 89 1994 Roel Bazen Dutch sound technician (Van Kooten & The Bie), dies at 48 1995 Al Duncan drummer, dies at 68 1995 Byron MacGregor newscaster, dies at 56 1995 Gerard W Taylor South African/British surgeon, dies at 74 1995 Robert Nesbitt impresario, dies at 88 1995 Vladislav Listiev Russian talk show host/producer, assasinated 1996 Geoffrey Pardoe engineer, dies at 67 1996 Terence Tenison Cuneo artist, dies at 88 1997 Burton Lane composer, dies at 84
BB-39 USS ARIZONA- 02-03-2006
1781 Greene crosses the Yadkin with Kosciusko’s boats
On the evening of February 3, 1781, American General Nathanael Greene and his troops successfully cross the Yadkin River to evade General Charles Cornwallis. The crossing followed consecutive Patriot losses at the Catawba River and at Tarrant’s Tavern, as well as heavy rainfall on February 1, which Greene feared would soon make the river impassable.
Although contradictory evidence exists, it is likely that the efforts of Polish engineer and military advisor Thaddeus Kosciusko made the crossing possible. Kosciusko had made a canoe expedition up the Catawba and Pedee Rivers, assessing Greene’s options, in December 1780. He then built a fleet of flat-bottomed boats for General Greene to use as a means of transporting his men across the water without having to waste time on manual portage, which would have involved soldiers removing the boats from the water and carrying them on their shoulders over land. The boats could be loaded into the Southern Army’s wagons for transport between river crossings. Kosciusko’s study of the rivers also allowed Greene to accurately predict the two-day interval between a heavy rainfall and rising river water.
Greene had ordered the Kosciusko-designed boats to be waiting for his men at the Yadkin. Thus, despite the flood of refugees clogging North Carolina’s roads in a desperate rush to leave before notoriously cruel British Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton arrived, Greene was able to move his troops to the river and cross it. Although Cornwallis caught the tail-end of the Patriot crossing and shelled Greene’s camp on the far side of the river on February 4, he was not able to cause major damage or disruption.
Greene’s timing was impeccable--Cornwallis was unable to ford the quickly rising Yadkin behind him. Instead, Cornwallis was forced to march his men to the aptly named “Shallow Ford” and did not finish crossing the Yadkin until the morning of the February 7, by which time Greene and the Southern Army had a two-day lead in the race towards the Dan River and safety in Patriot-held Virginia. )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
1865 Hampton Roads Conference
President Lincoln meets with a delegation of Confederate officials to discuss a possible peace agreement. Lincoln refuses to grant the delegation any concessions, and the president departs for the north.
New York Tribune editor and abolitionist Horace Greeley provided the impetus for the conference when he contacted Francis Blair, a Maryland aristocrat and presidential adviser. Greeley suggested that Blair was the "right man" to open discussions with the Confederates to end the war. Blair sought permission from Lincoln to meet with Confederate President Jefferson Davis, and he did so twice in January 1865. Blair suggested to Davis that an armistice be forged and the two sides turn their attention to removing the French-supported regime of Maximilian in Mexico. This plan would help cool tensions between North and South by providing a common enemy, he believed.
Meanwhile, the situation was becoming progressively worse for the Confederates in the winter of 1864 and 1865. In January, Union troops captured Fort Fisher and effectively closed Wilmington, North Carolina, the last major port open to blockade runners. Davis conferred with his vice president, Alexander Stephens, and Stephens recommended that a peace commission be appointed to explore a possible armistice. Davis sent Stephens and two others to meet with Lincoln at Hampton Roads, Virginia.
The meeting convened on February 3. Stephens asked if there was any way to stop the war and Lincoln replied that the only way was "for those who were resisting the laws of the Union to cease that resistance." The delegation underestimated Lincoln's resolve to make the end of slavery a necessary condition for any peace. The president also insisted on immediate reunification and the laying down of Confederate arms before anything else was discussed. In short, the Union was in such an advantageous position that Lincoln did not need to concede any issues to the Confederates. Robert M.T. Hunter, one of the delegation, commented that Lincoln was offering little except the unconditional surrender of the South.
After less than five hours, the conference ended and the delegation left with no concessions. The war continued for more than two months. ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
1917 U.S. breaks diplomatic relations with Germany
On this day in 1917, President Woodrow Wilson speaks for two hours before a historic session of Congress to announce that the United States is breaking diplomatic relations with Germany.
Due to the reintroduction of the German navy’s policy of unlimited submarine warfare, announced two days earlier by Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollwegg, Wilson announced that his government had no choice but to cut all diplomatic ties with Germany in order to uphold the honor and dignity of the United States. Though he maintained that “We do not desire any hostile conflict with the German government,” Wilson nevertheless cautioned that war would follow if Germany followed through on its threat to sink American ships without warning.
Later that day, Count von Bernstorff, the German ambassador to the U.S., received a note written by Secretary of State Robert Lansing stating that “The President has…directed me to announce to your Excellency that all diplomatic relations between the United States and the German empire are severed, and that the American Ambassador at Berlin will be immediately withdrawn, and in accordance with such announcement to deliver to your Excellency your passports.” Bernstorff was guaranteed safe passage out of the country, but was ordered to leave Washington immediately. Also in the wake of Wilson’s speech, all German cruisers docked in the United States were seized and the government formally demanded that all American prisoners being held in Germany be released at once.
On the same day, a German U-boat sunk the American cargo ship Housatonic off the Scilly Islands, just southwest of Britain. A British ship rescued the ship’s crew, but its entire cargo of grain was lost.
In Berlin that night, before learning of the president’s speech, German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann told U.S. Ambassador James J. Gerard that “Everything will be alright. America will do nothing, for President Wilson is for peace and nothing else. Everything will go on as before.” He was proved wrong the following morning, as news arrived of the break in relations between America and Germany, a decisive step towards U.S. entry into the First World War.
BB-39 USS ARIZONA- 02-03-2006
1944 U.S. troops capture the Marshall Islands
On this day, American forces invade and take control of the Marshall Islands, long occupied by the Japanese and used by them as a base for military operations.
The Marshalls, east of the Caroline Islands in the western Pacific Ocean, had been in Japanese hands since World War I. Occupied by the Japanese in 1914, they were made part of the "Japanese Mandated Islands" as determined by the League of Nations. The Treaty of Versailles, which concluded the First World War, stipulated certain islands formerly controlled by Germany--including the Marshalls, the Carolines, and the Marianas (except Guam)--had to be ceded to the Japanese, though "overseen" by the League. But the Japanese withdrew from the League in 1933 and began transforming the Mandated Islands into military bases. Non-Japanese, including Christian missionaries, were kept from the islands as naval and air bases--meant to threaten shipping lanes between Australia and Hawaii--were constructed.
During the Second World War, these islands, as well as others in the vicinity, became targets of Allied attacks. The U.S. Central Pacific Campaign began with the Gilbert Islands, south of the Mandated Islands; U.S. forces conquered the Gilberts in November 1943. Next on the agenda was Operation Flintlock, a plan to capture the Marshall Islands.
Adm. Raymond Spruance led the 5th Fleet from Pearl Harbor on January 22, 1944, to the Marshalls, with the goal of getting 53,000 assault troops ashore two islets: Roi and Namur. Meanwhile, using the Gilberts as an air base, American planes bombed the Japanese administrative and communications center for the Marshalls, which was located on Kwajalein, an atoll that was part of the Marshall cluster of atolls, islets, and reefs.
By January 31, Kwajalein was devastated. Repeated carrier- and land-based air raids destroyed every Japanese airplane on the Marshalls. By February 3, U.S. infantry overran Roi and Namur atolls. The Marshalls were then effectively in American hands--with the loss of only 400 American lives. ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
1955 Diem institutes limited agrarian reforms
After months of prodding by U.S. advisors, South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem introduces the first in a series of agrarian reform measures. This first measure was a decree governing levels of rent for farmland.
U.S. officials had strongly urged that Diem institute such reforms to win the support of the common people, but later critics maintained his land reform program began too late, progressed too slowly, and never went far enough. What the South Vietnamese farmers wanted was a redistribution of land from the absentee landlords to those that actually worked the fields, but Diem's program to return the land to the tiller was implemented halfheartedly and did little to meet the rising appetite for land among South Vietnam's rural population. Provisions for payment by peasants granted land created unnecessary hardships. Although 1 million tenants received some relief, more than 1 million received no land at all, and the lack of impartial enforcement agencies crippled many potential benefits. Instead of redistributing land to the poor, Diem's land reform program ended up taking back what the peasants had been given by the Viet Minh and returning it to the landlords, forcing peasants to pay for the land they considered theirs on impossible terms. In 1960, 75 percent of the land was owned by 15 percent of the people. The communists capitalized on unresolved peasant unrest throughout Diem's regime. Discontent towards Diem reached its height when dissident South Vietnamese officers murdered him during a coup in November 1963. )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
The Senate Foreign Relations Committee opens hearings on the conduct of the war by the Nixon administration. Senator Charles Goodell (R-New York) said that Vietnamization (President Richard Nixon's program to transfer war responsibility to the South Vietnamese) had been a "great public relations success." Taking exception with Senator Goodell's assessment, Senators Harold Hughes (D-Iowa), Thomas Eagleton (D-Missouri), and Alan Cranston (D-California) testified in support of a Senate resolution calling for the termination of the American commitment to South Vietnam unless the Saigon government took steps to broaden its cabinet, stop press censorship, and release political prisoners.
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