0842 Charles II & Louis the German sign treaty 1014 Pope Benedict VIII crowns Henry II, Roman German emperor 1076 Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV 1130 Jewish Cardinal Pietro Pierleone elected as anti-pope Anacletus II 1349 2,000 Jews burned at the stake in Strasbourg France 1540 Emperor Charles V enters Ghent without resistance, executes rebels 1556 Archbishop Thomas Cranmer declared a heretic 1610 Polish king Sigismund III, Forges Dimitri #2 & Romanov family sign covenant against czar Vasili Shushki 1613 King James I's daughter Elizabeth marries Frederik 1630 Dutch fleet of 69 ships reaches Pernambuco Brazil 1670 Roman Catholic emperor Leopold I chases Jews out of Vienna 1689 English parliament places Mary Stuart/Prince Willem III on the throne 1711 Händels opera Rinaldo, premieres 1746 Henry Pelham appointed English premier 1766 Dutch governor Falck signs Treaty of Batticaloa with rebels 1778 "Stars & Stripes" arrives in foreign port for 1st time (France) 1794 1st US textile machinery patent granted, to James Davenport, Philadelphia PA 1803 Apple parer patented by Moses Coats, Downington PA 1848 James K Polk became 1st President photographed in office (Matthew Brady) 1859 Oregon admitted as 33rd state 1862 Galena, 1st US iron-clad warship for service at sea, launched, Connecticut 1867 Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection & Insurance Company issues 1st policy 1867 Morehouse College organizes (Augusta GA) 1872 1st state bird refuge authorized (Lake Merritt CA) 1876 A G Bell & Elisha Gray apply separately for telephone patents; Supreme Court eventually rules Bell rightful inventor 1879 Chilean troops occupy Antofagasta 1883 1st state labor union legislation; New Jersey legalizes unions 1887 Cubs sell Mike King Kelly to Boston for record $10,000 1889 1st trainload of fruit (oranges) leaves Los Angeles for the east 1890 1st New South Wales vs South Australia 1st-class cricket game 1894 Venus is both a morning star & evening star 1895 Oscar Wilde's "The Importance of Being Earnest" opens in London 1896 George Lohmann takes a hat-trick vs South Africa, 8-7 for inning 1896 South Africa all out for 30 vs England - their lowest ever 1896 Stanley Cup Winnipeg Victorias beat Montréal Victorias, 2-0 1896 Theodor Herzl publishes "Der Judenstaat" 1899 US Congress begins using voting machines 1900 Date of events in movie "Picnic at Hanging Rock" 1903 US Dept of Commerce & Labor established 1907 1st US fox hound association forms in New York NY 1912 1st US submarines with diesel engines commissioned, Groton CT 1912 Arizona becomes 48th state 1914 High Council of Labor forms in Hague Netherlands 1918 USSR adopts New Style (Gregorian) calendar 1918 H Atteridge & S Rombergs musical "Sinbad" premieres in New York NY 1919 United Parcel Service forms 1920 League of Women Voters forms in Chicago 1921 Little Review faces obscenity charges for publishing "Ulysses", New York 1921 Canadian 5¢ nickel coin is authorized 1924 IBM Corporation founded by Thomas Watson 1925 State of emergency crisis in Bayern ends, NSDAP re-allowed 1929 St Valentine's Day Massacre in Chicago IL, 7 gangsters killed 1931 Bradman scores 152 Australia vs West Indies, 154 minutes, 13 fours 2 fives 1931 Spanish government of General Damasco Berenguer falls 1932 South Africa all out for 36 in 1st innings vs Australia (Ironmonger 5-6) 1934 NHL Ace Bailey Benefit Game Toronto beats All-Stars 7-3 in Toronto 1936 National Negro Congress organizes in Chicago 1936 US female Figure Skating championship won by Maribel Vinson 1936 US male Figure Skating championship won by Robin Lee 1939 Victor Fleming replaces George Cukor as director of Gone With the Wind 1940 British merchant vessel fleet is armed 1941 Carson McCuller's "Reflections in a Golden Eye" published 1941 Cebrie Park in the Bronx renamed Halsey Street 1941 1,000,000th vehicle traverses the New York Midtown Tunnel 1941 German Africa Corps lands in Tripoli, Libya 1942 Japanese parachutists land near oil center Palembang Sumatra 1942 Rotterdam's Maas tunnel opens 1943 German offensive through de Faid-pass Tunisia 1943 Soviets recapture Rostov 1944 Carl Wick publishes "Salmon Trolling for Commercial & Sport Fishing 1944 Anti-Japanese revolt on Java 1945 Perú, Paraguay, Chile & Ecuador join the United Nations 1945 8th Air Force bombs Dresden 1946 Bank of England nationalized 1949 1st session of Knesset opens in Jerusalem 1949 Dutch Drees government presents plan for the building of 30,000 houses 1950 Moroney scores cricket twin centuries for Australia at Johannesburg 1950 USSR & China sign peace treaty 1951 Sugar Ray Robinson defeats Jake LaMotta & takes middleweight title 1952 6th Winter Olympics games opens in Oslo, Norway 1952 Comedian Joey Adams marries gossip columnist Cindy Heller 1954 Senator John Kennedy appears on "Meet the Press" 1954 Beverly Hanson wins LPGA St Petersburg Golf Open 1954 WTOC TV channel 11 in Savannah GA (CBS) begins broadcasting 1955 WFLA (now WXFL) TV channel 8 in Tampa-St Petersburg FL (NBC) begins 1956 Khrushchev denounces Stalin at USSR Communist Party Conference 1956 20th Congress of CPSU opens in Moscow 1956 Indonesia withdraws from Netherlands Indonesian Union 1956 Verhoeven/Nauta/De King/Wijnhout win Dutch 11 city skate 1957 Georgia Senate unanimously approves Senator Leon Butts' bill barring blacks from playing baseball with whites 1958 Arab Federation of Iraq & Jordan forms 1959 $3.6 million heroin seizure in New York NY 1960 Beverly Hanson wins LPGA St Petersburg Golf Open 1960 Marshal Ayub Khan elected President of Pakistan 1961 Element 103, Lawrencium, 1st produced in Berkeley CA 1961 Louise Suggs wins LPGA Royal Poinciana Golf Invitational 1962 1st lady Jacqueline Kennedy conducts White House tour on TV 1963 US launches communications satellite Syncom 1 1966 Australia introduces 1st decimal currency postage stamps 1966 Wilt Chamberlain breaks NBA career scoring record at 20,884 points 1966 Writers Andrei Sinjavski & Joeij Daniël found guilty 1967 Aretha Franklin records "Respect" 1967 Latin American nuclear free zone proposal drawn up 1968 Pennsylvania Railroad/NYC Central merge into Pennsylvania Central 1968 WHKY TV channel 14 in Hickory NC (IND) begins broadcasting 1970 "Gantry" closes at George Abbott Theater NYC after 1 performance 1971 Movie "Ben Hur" 1st shown on television 1971 Richard Nixon installs secret taping system in White House 1972 John & Yoko co-host "Mike Douglas Show" for entire week 1972 Luna 20 (Russia) launched to orbit & soft landing on Moon 1975 Bomb explodes at annex of Amsterdam metro station 1976 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site 1978 In girls' HS basketball, Chicago Latin beats Harvard St George 1978 1st "micro on a chip" patented by Texas Instruments 1979 "Whoopee!" opens at ANTA Theater NYC for 204 performances 1980 13th Winter Olympics games open in Lake Placid NY 1980 US launches Solar Maximum Mission Observatory to study solar flares 1980 "West Side Story" opens at Minskoff Theater NYC for 341 performances 1982 "Night of 100 Stars" takes place at New York's Radio City Music Hall 1982 Hollis Stacy wins LPGA S&H Golf Classic 1984 Singer Elton John marries Renate Blauel in Sydney Australia 1985 Hostage CNN reporter Jeremy Levin is released in Beirut 1987 53,745 largest NBA crowd to date-Philadelphia at Detroit 1988 Bobby Allison at 50 becomes oldest driver to win Daytona 500 1988 General hospital star Jackie Zeman marries Glenn Gorden 1988 49th PGA Seniors Golf Championship Gary Player 1988 Alfredo Stroessner re-elected President of Paraguay 1988 Patty Sheehan wins LPGA Sarasota Golf Classic 1989 Robin Givens is granted a divorce from Mike Tyson in Dominican Republic 1989 Union Carbide agrees to pay $470 million damages for Bhopol disaster 1989 African National Congress (ANC) opens office in Amsterdam 1989 Iran's Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini offers $1 million-$3 million bounty on Salman Rushdie's death due to his novel, "Satanic Verses" 1989 World's 1st satellite Skyphone opens 1990 Alan Ayckbourn's "Man of the Moment" premieres in London 1990 Perrier recalls 160 million bottles of sparkling water after traces of benzene, a carcinogen, are found in some 1990 Space probe Voyager 1 takes photograph of entire solar system 1991 "Mule Bone" opens at Ethel Barrymore Theater NYC for 67 performances 1991 Air raid shelter at Baghdad bombed killing 300 1991 NL Cy Young winner Doug Drabek wins record $3 million salary arbitration 1992 Andre Cason runs world record 60 meter indoor (6.41 seconds) 1992 Cease fire in Somalia begins 1992 Kieren John Perkins swims world record 800 meter freestyle (7 minutes 46.60 seconds) 1992 Merlene Ottey runs world record 60 meter indoor (6.96 seconds) 1993 Fire in Linxi department store in Tangshan China, kills 79 1994 Alexander Golubev skates Olympics record 500 meter (36.33) 1994 Grateful Dead's Jerry Garcia (51) weds Deborah Koons 1995 Roseanne weds bodyguard Ben Thomas 1995 Wellington 2-498d & 4-475 beat Canterbury 496 & 2-476d =====================================================
Missing In Action....
1966 HILLS JOHN R. SOUTH BEND IN 1967 MARVIN ROBERT C. DEXTER MI 1968 DUNN JOSEPH P. HULL MA 1968 ELLIOT ROBERT M. SPRINGFIELD MA SEVERAL OBS INDICATE CAPTURE REMAINS RETURNED 12/27/99 1968 MC MAHAN ROBERT C. JACKSONVILLE IL REMAINS RETURNED 9/90 11/28/90 I.D. 1969 CLARK STANLEY S. MODESTO CA 1969 STEVENS LARRY J. CANOGA PARK CA
BB-39 USS ARIZONA- 04-19-2006
Births which occurred on February 14:
1462 Edzard I Cirksena the Great, earl of East-Friesia (1494-1528) 1483 Zahir al-Din Mohammed Babur Shah prince/founder Mogols-dynasty 1487 Henry II of Bavaria bishop of Utrecht/Worms/Freising 1513 Domenico Maria Ferrabosco Italian composer 1515 Frederick III the Pious, elect of the Palts 1533 Christianus Adrichomius Dutch priest/writer (Vita Jesu Christi) 1546 Johann Pistorius German theologist/historian 1572 Hans Christoph Haiden composer 1602 Pier Francesco Cavalli Italian opera composer 1638 Sybilla Schwarz writer 1670 Georg Gabriel Schutz composer 1679 Georg Friedrich Kauffman composer 1707 Claude-Prosper J de Crébillon French writer (Le sopha) 1760 Richard Allen Philadelphia PA, 1st black ordained by Methodist-Episcopal church 1778 Fernando Joseph Maria Sor composer 1806 Lajos Count Batthyány, revolutionary premier of Hungary (1848-49) 1813 Alexander Sergeyevich Dargomyzhsky composer 1813 John McNeil Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1891 1817 Frederick Douglass African-American abolitionist/lecturer/editor 1819 James Green Martin Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1878 1824 Winfield Scott Hancock Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1886 1829 Alfred Iverson Jr Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1911 1835 François Haverschmidt Dutch writer (Snikken en grimlachjes) 1838 Margaret Knight inventor, "the female Thomas Edison" 1845 Cecil De Vere 1st official British chess champion (1866) 1847 Anna Howard Shaw US, suffragette 1853 Jan van Rijswijck Flemish journalist/mayor (Antwerp) 1856 Frank Harris England, journalist/writer (My Life & Loves) 1858 Joseph Thomson Scotland, geologist (Thomson's gazelle) 1858 Charles Beach Hawley composer 1859 George Washington Gale Ferris engineer/inventor (Ferris Wheel) 1864 Israel Zangwill England, Jewish author/Zionist (Children of Ghetto) 1864 Robert E Park US, sociologist (human ecology, marginal man) 1868 Henricus A Poels Dutch Roman Catholic theologist/social foreman 1869 Charles Wilson English physicist (Wilson cloud chamber-Nobel) 1880 Aida Overton Walker US dancer/singer (In Dahomey, Salome) 1880 Edgar Leslie Bainton composer 1881 Otto Selz German psychologist 1881 William John Gruffydd Welsh poet/scholar (Ynys yr Hud) 1882 George Jean Nathan US, editor/author/critic (American Mercury) 1882 Ignaz Friedman composer 1886 Theodor Werner German painter 1892 Nikolaj A Orloff Russian/British pianist (Chopin) 1893 Kay Fisker Danish architect (Hornbeck House, Copenhagen) 1894 Jack Benny [Benjamin Kubelski], Waukegan IL, "Oh! Rochester!" 1895 Max Horkheimer German philosopher/sociologist (Studies in prejudice) 1895 Nigel Bruce Baja Mexico, actor (Son of Lassie, Spider Woman) 1897 Jorgen Bentzon composer 1898 Fritz Zwicky Swiss astronomer (super nova) 1899 John Randall Jr Michigan, historian/philosopher (Western Man) 19-- Alan Hunter Birmingham AL, one of 5 original MTV vee-jays 1902 Fred Scott Fresno CA, singer/actor (Vincent Lopez) 1902 Ray "Crash" Corrigan Milwaukee WI, cowboy (Crash Corrigan's Ranch) 1902 Stu Erwin Squaw Valley CA, actor (Stu Erwin Show) 1902 Valentin Ruiz Azner composer 1904 Charles William Oatley electrical engineer 1904 Hanning Phillips Lord Lieutenant (Dyfed) 1904 Hertha Kuusinen Finnish communist 1905 Thelma Ritter Brooklyn NY, actress (Miracle on 34th Street) 1907 Johnny Longden jockey/trainer (1958 Racing Hall of Fame) 1909 A Moses Klein Montréal, poet (Hath Not a Jew...) 1911 Florence Rice Cleveland OH, actress (Double Wedding, Riding on Air) 1911 Willem J Kolff Dutch/US internist/inventor (Artificial Kidney) 1912 Edmund George Love US, teacher/historian/author (A Small Bequest) 1912 Juan Pujol Garcia [Garbo/Arabel], Spanish British/German double agent 1912 Oliver Wendell Harrington cartoonist 1913 James Pike Oklahoma City OK, bishop (Beyond Anxiety) 1913 Jimmy Hoffa Teamsters leader who disappeared in 1975 1913 Mel Allen Birmingham AL, sportscaster (voice of the New York Yankees) 1913 Ab [Albert] Visser Dutch poet/writer (Man Without a Head) 1915 A W H Stewart-Moore CEO (Gallaher) 1915 Irving Gordon songwriter 1916 Edward Platt Staten Island NY, actor (Chief-Get Smart) 1916 Masaki Kobayashi Japanese director (Joi-uchi) 1916 Wawrzyniec Jerzy Zulawski composer 1917 Herbert A Hauptman New York NY, x-ray crystallographer (Nobel 1985) 1920 Arnold Elton consultant surgeon 1921 Hugh Downs Akron OH, TV journalist (20/20, Concentration) 1921 Skeezix of "Gasoline Alley" discovered on Wallets' doorstep 1921 Albert Sloman Vice-Chancellor (Essex U) 1921 Jeanne Demessieux composer 1921 Piet Kraak Dutch soccer player 1923 Jay Herbert golfer (1960 PGA winner) 1923 Derrick Holden-Brown CEO (Allied-Lyons) 1924 Arghyris Kounadis composer 1924 Countess Mountbatten of Burma 1925 Elliot Lawrence Philadelphia PA, orchestra leader (Guide Right, Howard Cosell) 1925 Peg Murray Denver CO, actress (Me & Mrs C) 1926 John Clark CEO (Plessey Company) 1927 Lois Maxwell Kitchener Ontario, actress (Miss Moneypenny) 1928 Ben Garrido Blaz (Representative-R-Guam, 1985- ) 1928 Juan García Hortelano Spanish author (Tormenta de verano) 1929 Matthew G Martinez (Representative-D-CA, 1982- ) 1930 Duncan Montgomery Stewart principal (Lady Margaret Hall-Oxford) 1931 Phyllis McGuire Middletown OH, singer (McGuire Sisters) 1931 Bernie "Boom Boom" Geoffrion NHL right wing (Canadiens, Rangers) 1931 Lord Rossmore 1929 Vic Morrow Bronx NY, actor (Combat, Roots, Twilight Zone the Movie) 1932 Alexander Kluge writer 1932 Brian Kelly Detroit MI, actor (Flipper, Straightaway) 1932 Jack Hibbert director (Central Statistical Office) 1932 Jocelyn Stevens CEO (English Heritage) 1932 Michael Ball Bishop (Truro) 1932 Peter Ball Bishop (Gloucester) 1933 Andrey Mikhaylovich Volkonsky composer 1933 Bertram Jay Turetzky composer 1933 Evelyn Ebsworth Vice-Chancellor (Durham U) 1934 Florence Henderson Dale IN, actress/singer (Carol-Brady Bunch) 1934 Marlene Matthews Australia, sprinter (Olympics-2 bronze-1956) 1935 Christine CT "Christel" Adelaar Dutch actress (Pipo the Clown) 1935 David Wilson British Governor (Hong Kong) 1935 Lord Wilson of Tillyorn 1935 Mickey Wright San Diego CA, LPGA golfer (4 times LPGA champion) 1935 Peter Phillips printer 1936 Andrew Pine Jennings FL, actor (V, WEB, Wide Country) 1936 Fanne Foxe [Annabella Battistella], Argentina, (Wilbur Mills affair) 1937 John MacGregor British MP 1937 Magic Sam rocker (Chicago Bluesman) 1938 Lee Chamberlin New York NY, actress (Electric Company, Viper) 1939 Chris Pyne trombonist 1939 Michael Rudman English theater director/producer (Donkeys' Years) 1940 Porpoise 1st born in captivity in US (Marineland, Florida) 1941 Paul Tsongas (Senator-D-MA) 1941 John Butterfill MP 1942 Margaret Wright chief commissioner (Guide Association) 1943 Eric Anderson Pittsburgh PA, singer (Avalanche, Be True to You) 1943 Ischa Meijer journalist/critic/actor (Boezemvriend) 1943 Maceo Parker US tenor saxophonist (King's One, Mo' Roots) 1943 Robert J Murphy Jr Brooklyn NY, PGA golfer (1968 Philadelphia Classic) 1944 Carl Bernstein Washington Post investigative reporter (Watergate) 1944 Alan Parker English actor (Bugsy Malone, Evita) 1944 Bruce Summerhays St Louis MO, PGA golfer (Provo Open-1966, 91 93) 1945 Gregory Hines New York NY, actor/dancer (White Nights, Taps) 1945 Hans Adam prince of Liechtenstein 1945 K M Jenkins British director of personnel (Royal Mail) 1945 Vic Briggs England, rocker (Animals) 1945 William Hill Boner (Representative-D-TN, 1979- ) 1946 David Green English TV/video producer 1946 Tim Buckley Washington DC, rocker (Blood, Sweat & Tears-When I Die) 1946 Tina Aumont Hollywood CA, actress (Master of Love, Casanova) 1947 Heidemarie Rosendahl German Federal Republic, long jumper (Olympics-gold-1972) 1947 Judd Gregg (Representative-R-NH, 1981- ) 1947 Pham Tuan Vietnam, cosmonaut (Soyuz 37/36) 1947 Salah-ud-Din cricketer (played 5 Tests for Pakistan 1965-69) 1948 Pat O'Brien reporter (Entertainment Tonight) 1948 Jackie [Jr John Coger] Martling "Jackie the Jokeman", comedian (Howard Stern Show) 1948 Raymond Joseph Teller Philadelphia PA, magician (Penn & Teller) 1948 Wally Tax Dutch guitarist 1949 Ewa Aulin Stockholm Sweden, actress (Candy, Fiorina LeVacca) 1949 Jimmy Randell rocker 1949 Richard E Neal (Representative-D-MA) 1950 Raymond van het Groenewoud Belgian vocalist/actor (Brussels by Night) 1951 Kevin Keegan British soccer player/manager (Newcastle United) 1951 Michael Doucet singer/musician (Beausoleil) 1953 Wayne Siegel composer 1955 R Jeremy H Lascelles grandson of English princess Mary 1956 Dave Dravecky pitcher (San Francisco Giants), had arm amputated 1956 Howard Edward Davis Jr Glen Cove NY, lightweight boxer (Olympics-silver-1976) 1958 Perry Stephens Frankfurt Germany, actor (Loving, All My Children) 1960 Jim Kelly NFL quarterback (Buffalo Bills) 1960 Meg Tilly [Margaret], Los Angeles CA, actress (Big Chill, Impulse) 1963 D'Wayne Wiggins singer (Tony! Toni! Tone!) 1963 Jeff Dellenbach NFL center (New England Patriots, Green Bay Packers-Superbowl 31) 1963 John Marzano Philadelphia PA, catcher (Seattle Mariners) 1963 Zach Galligan New York NY, actor (Gremlins) 1964 Darrick Brilz NFL center (Cincinnati Bengals) 1965 Jessie Tuggle NFL linebacker (Atlanta Falcons) 1966 Clark Sherwood Dennis Houston TX, PGA golfer (1990 Hawaiian Open-3rd) 1966 Petr Svoboda Most Czechoslovakia, NHL defenseman (Philadelphia Flyers, Olympics-gold-1998) 1967 Calle Johansson Göteborg Sweden, NHL defenseman (Washington Capitals) 1967 Laura Martin LaJolla CA, WPVA volleyballer (Nationals-13th-1994) 1967 Manuela Maleeva-Fragniere Sofia Bulgaria, tennis player (1984 US Open Mixed Doubles) 1968 Chris Lewis cricketer (in Guyana England all-rounder) 1969 Chad Magee Tyler TX, Nike golfer (1993 NIKE Shreveport Open-36th) 1969 Harry Colon NFL safety (Jacksonville Jaguars, Detroit Lions) 1969 Jeff Graham NFL wide receiver (Chicago Bears, New York Jets) 1969 Roy Barker NFL defensive end (Minnesota Vikings, San Francisco 49ers) 1969 Shana Zadrick Grand Junction CO, model (Guess Jeans) 1970 David Podlich Brisbane Queensland, Australasia golfer 1970 Elaine Youngs Orange CA, volleyball outside hitter (Olympics-96) 1970 Guillaume Raoux France, tennis star 1970 Kelly Stinnett US baseball catcher (New York Mets) 1970 Richard Smehlik Ostrava Czechoslovakia, NHL defenseman (Team Czechoslovakian Republic, Buffalo) 1970 Sean Hill Duluth, NHL defenseman (Ottawa Senators) 1971 Derrick Witherspoon NFL running back (Philadelphia Eagles) 1971 Gheorghe Muresan NBA center (Washington Bullets/Wizards) 1971 Kenny Shedd WLAF receiver (Barcelona Dragons, Oakland Raiders) 1971 Lonnie Johnson NFL tight end (Buffalo Bills) 1972 Mayne One rocker (Young Nation) 1972 Bruno Heppell CFL full back (Montréal Alouettes) 1972 Drew Bledsoe NFL quarterback (New England Patriots) 1972 Erika Rachael Schwarz Folsom LA, Miss Louisiana-America (1996-2nd) 1972 Raymond Beerens Dutch soccer player (PSV, FC Groningen) 1973 George Hegamin NFL/WLAF tail back (Dallas Cowboys, Frankfurt Galaxy) 1973 Michael "Mike" Theodore Lambert IV Thomaston GA, rower (Olympics-1996) 1973 Steve McNair NFL quarterback (Houston Oilers) 1973 Tyus Edney NBA guard (Boston Celtics, Sacramento Kings) 1974 Michael Lowery NFL linebacker (Chicago Bears) 1974 Rob Jahrling Australian rower (Olympics-96) 1975 Jennifer Michelle Roberts Greensboro NC, Miss North Carolina-America (1996) 1977 Nathan Osmond Utah, vocalist (Osmond Boys) 1978 Laurie Schwoy soccer forward (Olympics-96) 1985 Jacob Parker actor (Evening Shade) 1998 Arpad Flynn Busson New York NY, son of model Elle MacPherson ======================================================
Deaths which occurred on February 14:
0869 Cyrillus Greek apostle of Slaves, dies 1400 Richard II British King (1377-99), murdered at 33 at Pontefract Castle 1405 Timur/Tamerlan "Lenk" [Crippled], Mongols monarch, dies at about 68 1528 Edzard I the Great count of Austria-E Frisia (1494-1528), dies at 66 1571 Benvenuto Cellini Italian sculptor/metalsmith/author (Perseus), dies at 70 1571 Odet de Coligny Cardinal of Châtillon/count of Beauvais, dies at 53 1681 Francesco Nigetti composer, dies at 77 1760 François Collin de Blamont composer, dies at 69 1779 James Cook British explorer, murdered by natives in fracas with Hawaiians 1780 William Blackstone English lawyer, dies at 56 1790 Capel Bond composer, dies at 59 1818 John C Hespe Dutch journalist/politician, dies at 61 1820 Charles F Duke of Berry, murdered at 42 1831 Vincente Guerrero Mexican revolutionary hero, dies 1841 Antun Sorkocevic composer, dies at 65 1846 Cornelis F van Maanen Dutch supreme court justice, dies at 76 1857 Johannes B van Bree Dutch violinist/composer/conductor, dies at 56 1873 Charles Samvei Bovy-Lysberg composer, dies at 52 1891 William Tecumseh Sherman Union Civil War General (captured Atlanta), dies at 71 1901 Edward John Hopkins composer, dies at 82 1908 Georges Jean Pfeiffer composer, dies at 72 1916 Petko J Todorov Bulgaria writer (Zmejova), dies at 36 1937 Erkki Gustav Melartin composer, dies at 62 1943 David Hilbert German mathematician (Hilbert Space), dies at 81 1943 Frieda Reiss French 11 month old baby, murdered in Auschwitz 1950 Eduard Hermann German linguist (Homer), dies at 80 1950 Karl G Jansky Czechoslovakian discoverer of cosmic radio sources, dies at 44 1955 Charles Cuvillier composer, dies at 77 1960 Sven R Lidman Swedish writer (Tvedräktens Barn), dies at 77 1961 Wallis Clark actress (Easy Money), dies at 78 1965 Desire-Emile Inghelbrecht French composer/conductor, dies at 84 1967 Sig Ruman actor (Schultz-Life With Luigi), dies at 82 1967 James Schneider actor (Keystone Kops), dies at 85 1969 Vito Genovese US mafia chief, dies at 71 1969 Wolfe Barzell actor (Blue Angel), dies of heart attack at 72 1972 Lambertus "Bertus" van Lyre composer/conductor (Dike), dies at 65 1974 C S Dempster cricketer (10 Tests for New Zealand, 723 runs), dies 1975 Heintje Davids [Hendrika David], Dutch cabaret artist, dies at 87 1975 Julian S Huxley English scholar/director-general (UNESCO), dies at 87 1975 Pelham G Wodehouse English/US writer (Piccadilly Jim), dies at 93 1979 Adolph Dubs US ambassador to Afghanistan, murdered 1982 Henk Schaer [Hendricus J M Schaareman], Dutch actor, dies at 79 1987 Bola Sete guitarist, dies at 63 1987 Dmitry Borisovich Kabalevsky composer, dies at 82 1988 Frederick Loewe US composer (My Fair Lady), dies at 84 1990 Graeme Hole cricketer (18 Tests for Australia, 789 runs), dies 1990 Jean Wallace [Walasek], actress (Big Combo), dies of hemorrhage at 66 1991 Arno Breker German sculptor (Third Reich), dies at 90 1991 John A McCone Head of CIA (1961-65), dies 1992 Angelique Pettyjohn actress (Biohazard), dies of cancer at 48 1992 Jacob "Bob" de Uyl journalist/author (Restless Travel), dies at 61 1992 Roepie Kruize hockey player (Olympics-bronze-48/silver-52), dies at 67 1993 Buddy Pepper composer, dies of heart failure at 70 1994 Christopher Lasch author (Culture of Narcissism), dies at 61 1994 Gary "BB" Coleman blues vocal/guitarist/producer, dies at 47 1995 Alberto Burri Italian physician/sculptor/painter, dies at 79 1995 Ischa Meÿer journalist/critic/entertainer/interviewer, dies at 52 1995 Michael Vincent Gazzo US actor/playwright (Godfather 2), dies at 71 1995 Nigel Lucius Graeme Finch TV Director/film-maker, dies at 45 1995 Patricia Highsmith writer, dies at 74 1995 Roger de Grey English chairman of Royal Academy (1984-93), dies at 76 1995 Siem Suurhoff TV-director (Behind the News, Sonja), dies at 58 1995 U Nu PM of Burma (1948-56, 57-58, 60-62), dies 1996 Bob Paisley football manager, dies at 77 1996 Caroline Blackwood writer, dies at 64 1996 Eva Hart Titanic survivor, dies at 90 1996 Ivan William Hannaford sociologist, dies at 64
BB-39 USS ARIZONA- 04-19-2006
1779 Patriots defeat Loyalists at Kettle Creek
A Patriot militia force of 340 led by Colonel Andrew Pickens of South Carolina with Colonel John Dooly and Lieutenant Colonel Elijah Clarke of Georgia defeats a larger force of 700 Loyalist militia commanded by Colonel James Boyd on this day in 1779 at Kettle Creek, Georgia.
The Patriots attempted a two-pronged attack. Pickens’ line engaged the Loyalists, while Dooly and Clarke’s men attempted to cross the creek and surrounding swamp. Dooly and Clarke’s troops were soon bogged down in the difficult crossing and though Boyd had sent 150 of his men out to forage for food that morning, the Loyalists still had the upper hand.
The tide turned when the Loyalists saw their commander, Boyd, collapse from a musket wound. Panicked, they disintegrated into a disorderly retreat towards the creek as Pickens’ Patriots fired down upon their camp from above. Shortly thereafter, the two South Carolina commanders, Dooly and Clarke, emerged with their men from the swamp and surrounded the shocked Loyalists, who were attempting to retreat across the creek.
By the end of the action, the Loyalists suffered 70 killed and another 70 captured, compared to 9 killed and 23 wounded for the Patriots. Colonel Boyd, who was wounded during the engagement, died shortly afterward. The victory was the only significant Patriot victory in Georgia and delayed the consolidation of British control in the largely Loyalist colony.
In 1780, Colonel John Dooly was murdered at his log cabin home on his Georgia plantation by South Carolina Loyalists. Dooly County, Georgia, was named in his honor, and the spring near his former cabin in Lincoln County, Georgia, within the grounds of the Elijah Clarke State Park—named for his former Patriot partner--bears a historic marker in the martyred patriot’s memory. ===================================================
1864 Sherman enters Meridian, Mississippi
Union General William T. Sherman enters Meridian, Mississippi, during a winter campaign that served as a precursor to Sherman's "March to the Sea." This often-overlooked campaign was the first attempt by the Union at total warfare, a strike aimed not just at military objectives but also at the will of the southern people.
Sherman launched the campaign from Vicksburg, Mississippi, with the goal of destroying the rail center at Meridian and clearing central Mississippi of Confederate resistance. Sherman believed this would free additional Federal troops that he hoped to use on his planned campaign against Atlanta, Georgia, in the following months.
Sherman led 25,000 troops east from Vicksburg and ordered another 7,000 under General William Sooy Smith to march southeast from Memphis, Tennessee. They planned to meet at Meridian in eastern Mississippi. The Confederates had few troops with which to stop Sherman. General Leonidas Polk had less than 10,000 men to defend the state. Polk retreated from the capital at Jackson as Sherman approached, and some scattered cavalry units could not impede the Yankees' progress. Polk tried to block the roads to Meridian so the Confederates could move as many supplies as possible from the city's warehouses, but Sherman pushed into the city on February 14 in the middle of a torrential rain.
After capturing Meridian, Sherman began to destroy the railroad and storage facilities while he waited for the arrival of Smith. Sherman later wrote: "For five days, 10,000 men worked hard and with a will in that work of destruction...Meridian, with its depots, storehouses, arsenals, hospitals, offices, hotels, and cantonments no longer exists." Sherman waited until February 20 for Smith to arrive, but Smith never reached Meridian. On February 21, Confederate troops under General Nathan Bedford Forrest waylaid Smith at West Point, Mississippi, and dealt the Federals a resounding defeat. Smith returned to Memphis, and Sherman turned back towards Vicksburg.
Ultimately, Sherman failed to clear Mississippi of Rebels, and the Confederates repaired the rail lines within a month. Sherman did learn how to live off the land, however, and took notes on how to strike a blow against the civilian population of the South. He used that knowledge with devastating results in Georgia later that year. ===================================================
1919 Wilson presents draft covenant for League of Nations
In a plenary session of the Versailles peace conference on this day in 1919, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson presents the draft of the covenant for the League of Nations prepared by a League commission that had been established two weeks earlier.
The commission, which was set up on January 25 and had its first meeting on February 4, had tackled the formidable task of laying down the specific tenets of Wilson’s ambitious but nebulous vision—expressed in his famous Fourteen Points—of an international organization that would regulate future conflicts between nations and preserve world peace. At its start, the commission included two representatives from each of the Big Five nations (Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan and the United States); nine more representatives were eventually added from the other countries present at the peace conference.
Tensions flared during the commission’s deliberations, particularly over the issues of general disarmament and the establishment of an international military force to give the League the power to enforce its principles. The French argued strongly in favor of both; the U.S. and Britain disagreed, suspicious of continued French aggression against Germany and unwilling to cede control of their own military operations to the League.
Despite these difficulties, Wilson was able to present the commission’s draft in less than two weeks. In it, the commission had outlined all aspects of the League, including its administration: a general assembly, a secretariat and an executive council. There would be no League army and no mandate for disarmament—France had lost on these points. The French had held fast, however, in their insistence that Germany not be invited to join the League right away; this would later force a frustrated Germany to agree, in the Treaty of Versailles, to the formation of an organization that it could not join. (Germany joined the League in 1926; in 1933, after the rise to power of the National Socialist or Nazi Party, it withdrew.)
With a few modifications, the covenant was approved in another plenary session of the conference on April 28. “Many terrible things have come out of this war,” Wilson had said as he presented the draft of the League covenant, “but some very beautiful things have come out of it.” In Wilson’s idealistic vision, the League of Nations was intended to be the most beautiful of these things, but in practice it failed to live up to expectations. For one thing, the Treaty of Versailles was never ratified by the U.S. Senate, largely because of opposition to the League covenant’s Article X, which required that all League members preserve the territorial independence of all other members and commit to joint military action, when necessary, in order to do this.
The absence of the U.S. in the League of Nations, as well as the covenant’s requirement that all League decisions be unanimous, greatly detracted from the organization’s efficacy, and within two decades, the world would again be at war. Ultimately, the League’s greatest legacy would not be its ability to keep the peace, but the groundwork it laid for another international organization: the United Nations, which would borrow some of the League’s organizational principles and, perhaps more importantly, learn from its mistakes. ====================================================
1943 Battle of the Kasserine Pass
On this day, German General Erwin Rommel and his Afrika Korps launch an offensive against an Allied defensive line in Tunisia, North Africa. The Kasserine Pass was the site of the United States' first major battle defeat of the war.
General Erwin Rommel was dispatched to North Africa in February 1942, along with the new Afrika Korps, to prevent his Italian Axis partner from losing its territorial gains in the region to the British. Despite his skill, until this point Rommel had been unable to do much more than manage his own forces' retreats, but the Battle of Kasserine Pass would finally display the "Desert Fox's" strategic genius.
In the Battle of El Alamein in August 1942, British General Bernard Montgomery pushed Rommel out of Egypt and into Tunisia, behind the Mareth Line, a defensive fortification built by Vichy French forces. After taking several months to regroup, Rommel decided on a bold move. Rommel set his sites of Tunis, Tunisia's capital and a key strategic goal for both Allied and Axis forces. Rommel determined that the weakest point in the Allied defensive line was at the Kasserine Pass, a 2-mile-wide gap in Tunisia's Dorsal Mountains, which was defended by American troops. His first strike was repulsed, but with tank reinforcements, Rommel broke through on February 20, inflicting devastating casualties on the U.S. forces. The Americans withdrew from their position, leaving behind most of their equipment. More than 1,000 American soldiers were killed by Rommel's offensive, and hundreds were taken prisoner. The United States had finally tasted defeat in battle. ==================================================
1962 Kennedy authorizes U.S. advisors to fire in self-defense
President John F. Kennedy authorizes U.S. military advisors in Vietnam to return fire if fired upon. At a news conference, he said, "The training missions we have [in South Vietnam] have been instructed that if they are fired upon, they are of course to fire back, but we have not sent combat troops in [the] generally understood sense of the word." In effect, Kennedy was acknowledging that U.S. forces were involved in the fighting, but he wished to downplay any appearance of increased American involvement in the war. The next day former Vice President Nixon expressed hopes that President Kennedy would "step up the build-up and under no circumstances curtail it because of possible criticism." ====================================================
1970 Gallup Poll released
Despite an increasingly active antiwar movement, a Gallup Poll shows that a majority of those polled (55 percent) oppose an immediate withdrawal of U.S. troops from Vietnam. Those that favored American withdrawal had risen from 21 percent, in a November poll, to 35 percent. President Nixon had taken office in January 1969 promising to bring the war to an end, but a year later the fighting continued and support for the president's handling of the war had begun to slip significantly.
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