1236 English king Henry III marries Eleonora of Provence 1526 Charles V & Francis I sign Treaty of Madrid; Francis I forced to give up claims in Burgundy, Italy & Flanders 1601 Church authorities burn Hebrew books in Rome 1639 1st Connecticut constitution (Fundamental Orders) adopted in Hartford 1639 Rodger Ludlow publishes"Fundamental Orders of Connecticut" 1641 United East Indian Company conquerors city of Malakka, 7,000 killed 1659 Battle at Elvas Portuguese beat Spanish 1690 Clarinet is invented, in Nüremberg, Germany 1699 Massachusetts holds day of fasting for wrongly persecuting "witches" 1717 German mob leader "Sjako" sentenced to death in Amsterdam 1724 Spanish King Philip V abdicates throne 1739 England & Spain signs 2nd Convention of Pardo 1746 Bonnie Prince Charlie's army leaves Glasgow 1783 Congress ratifies peace treaty between US & England 1784 Revolutionary War ends; Congress ratifies the Treaty of Paris 1785 Mozart completes "Dissonantenkwartet" (opus 10) 1794 Dr Jessee Bennet of Edom VA, performs 1st successful Cesarean section operation on his wife 1799 Eli Whitney receives government contract for 10,000 muskets 1799 King of Naples flees before the advancing French armies 1813 Gideon Hawley becomes 1st state school superintendent in US (NY) 1814 King of Denmark cedes Norway to King of Sweden by treaty of Kiel 1847 Conspiracy in New Mexico against US 1858 French Emperor Napoleon III escapes attempt on his life by Felice Orsini, an Italian patriot who was later executed 1861 Fort Pikens FL falls into state hands 1863 Battle between gunboats at Bayou Teched LA 1864 Battle of Cosby Creek TN 1864 General Sherman begins his march to the South 1868 North Carolina constitutional convention meets in Raleigh 1868 South Carolina constitutional convention, meets with a black majority 1873 "Celluloid" registered as a trademark 1873 P B S Pinchback elected to Senate 1874 I D Shadd elected Speaker of the lower house of the Mississippi legislature 1878 US Supreme court rules race separation on trains unconstitutional 1897 6,960-m (22,834') Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina) 1st climbed 1898 Joe Darling hits the 1st six in Tests (out of the ground) 1900 Giacomo Puccini's opera "Tosca" premieres in Rome 1905 Hubbell, Shubert & Smith's musical "Fontana" premieres in New York City NY 1908 Roger Hartigan scores century on Test debut vs England Adelaide (116) 1909 Coöp Far Central Management forms 1912 Raymond Poincaré becomes premier of France 1914 Henry Ford introduces assembly line, for T-Fords 1916 Dutch South Sea dike cracks 1918 Finland & USSR adopts New Style (Gregorian) calendar 1919 John McGraw, Charles A Stoneham, & Judge McQuade buy New York Giants 1924 Allies direct Fiume (Rijeka) in Italy 1925 Alban Berg's atonale opera "Wozzeck" premieres in Berlin 1927 Toronto Maple Leafs 1st hat trick (Hap Day) vs New York Rangers 1929 Afghan King Amanullah forced to resign 1932 1st totalisator (to record racetrack bets) in US installed, Hialeah 1932 Horse racing legend Eddie Arcaro won his 1st race 1935 Oil pipeline Iraq-Mediterranean goes into use 1936 L M (Mario) Giannini elected president of Bank of America 1938 National Society for the Legalization of Euthanasia formed (NY) 1939 All commercial ferry service to East Bay ends 1939 Norway claims Queen Maud Land in Antarctica 1940 Commissioner Kenesaw Landis gives free agency to 91 Detroit Tigers 1940 NFL Pro Bowl Green Bay beats NFL All-Stars 16-7 1942 Japanese troops land at oil center Balikpapan in Borneo 1943 Alex Smart (Montréal) is 1st NHLer to score hat trick in his 1st game 1943 FDR & Winston Churchill confer in Casablanca concerning WWII 1943 Heinrich Himmler views Warsaw 1944 Soviet army begins offensive at Oranienbaum/Wolchow 1946 2 jetties collapse in Ganges-160 Hindu pilgrims are crushed 1949 Black/Indian race rebellion in Durban, South Africa; 142 die 1950 US recalls all consular officials from China 1950 "As the Girls Go" closes at Winter Garden Theater New York City NY after 420 performances 1951 NFL Pro Bowl 1st since 1942, Americans beat Nationals 28-27 1952 "Today Show" premieres with Dave Garroway & Jack Lescoulie on NBC-TV 1952 Rationing of coffee in Netherlands ends 1952 Snow storm in Sierra NV kills 26 1953 Yugoslavia elects its 1st president (Marshal Tito) 1953 Vaughan William's "Sinfonia Antartica" premieres in Manchester 1953 WALA TV channel 10 in Mobile, AL (NBC) begins broadcasting 1954 Marilyn Monroe marries baseball star, New York Yankee, Joe DiMaggio 1954 Sandy Wilson's musical "Boyfriend" premieres in London 1955 Heitor Villa-Lobos' 8th Symphony, premieres in Philadelphia 1956 Little Richard releases "Tutti Frutti" 1956 Jordan government refuses to join Pact of Baghdad 1960 Tuindorp-Oostzaan in Northern Amsterdam, flooded 1960 US Army promoted Elvis Presley to Sergeant 1961 Chicago Bear Willard Dewveall becomes 1st NFLer to join the AFL 1962 NFL Pro Bowl West beats East 31-30 1963 George C Wallace sworn in as Governor of Alabama, his address states "segregation now; segregation tomorrow; segregation forever!" 1964 Jacqueline Kennedy's 1st public appearance (TV) since assassination 1964 14th NBA All-Star Game East beats West 111-107 at Boston 1964 Bapu Nadkarni 32-27-5-0 vs England, 21 maiden overs in a row 1966 David Bowie releases his 1st record (Can't Help Thinking About Me) 1967 20,000 attend the Human Be-In, San Francisco 1967 New York Times reports Army is conducting secret germ warfare experiments 1967 Sonny & Cher release "The Beat Goes On" 1967 Earthquake in Sicily kills 231 1968 Super Bowl II Green Bay Packers beat Oakland Raiders, 33-14 in Miami; Super Bowl MVP Bart Starr, Green Bay, Quarterback 1969 25 members of US aircraft carrier Enterprise die during maneuvers 1969 Soyuz 4 launched; rendezvous with Soyuz 5 two days later 1971 John Snow takes 7-40 for England to beat Australia by 299 runs 1972 "Sanford & Son" starring Redd Foxx premieres on NBC TV 1972 WMAH TV channel 19 in Biloxi MS (PBS) begins broadcasting 1972 WMAU TV channel 17 in Bude MS (PBS) begins broadcasting 1972 WMAW TV channel 14 in Meridian, MS (PBS) begins broadcasting 1973 Grateful Dead bass player, Phil Lesh, busted for drugs in California 1973 Tap dancer Ray Castle measured at 1440 taps/minutes on BBC TV 1973 Super Bowl VII Miami Dolphins beat Washington Redskins, 14-7 in Los Angeles; Super Bowl MVP Jake Scott, Miami, Safety 1974 World Football League founded 1975 Anita Wold (Norway) sets women's ski jump distance record-98 meters 1975 USSR breaks trade agreement with US 1976 "The Bionic Woman" with Lindsay Wagner debuts on ABC (later NBC) 1976 Ted Turner becomes CEO of Atlanta Braves 1978 Sex Pistols' final concert (Winterland, San Francisco) 1979 President Carter proposes Martin Luther King's birthday be a holiday 1980 "Blues Brothers" movie with Dan Akroyd & John Belushi opens 1980 Shakuntala Devi, mentally multiplies 2 13-digit #s in 28 seconds 1981 FCC frees stations to air as many commercials an hour as they wish 1984 Madonna 1st sings "Holiday" on American Bandstand 1985 16 indicted by US for granting sanctuary to Central American refugees 1985 British pound (£) sinks to record low-$1.11 1985 Martina Navratilova is 3rd to win 100 tennis tournaments (Connors & Evert) 1986 Vinicio Cerezo becomes only the 2nd freely elected President of Guatemala since the CIA-sponsored coup in 1954 1986 Constitution of Guatemala takes effect 1987 Catfish Hunter & Billy Williams are elected to Baseball Hall of Fame 1989 29 year old French woman gives birth to sextuplets in Paris 1989 "Romance/Romance" closes at Helen Hayes Theater New York City NY after 297 performances 1989 1,000 muslims burn Rushdies' "Satanic Verses" in Bradford England 1989 Former Belgian premier Paul Vanden Boeynants kidnapped 1990 Perez de Cuellar says he has lost all hope for peace in the Gulf 1990 "Simpsons" premiered on Fox-TV 1990 11th ACE Cable Awards 1991 "Barbara DeAngelis Show" premieres on CBS-TV 1991 Tyne Daly arrested for drunk driving in Van Nuys CA 1991 Jorge Serrano Elías sworn in as President of Guatemala 1991 Valentin Pavlov become new premier of USSR 1993 "Anna Christie" opens at Criterion Theater New York City NY for 54 performances 1993 David Letterman announces his show is moving from NBC to CBS 1993 Polish ferry boat capsizes in storm, 50 die 1994 Inna Lassovskaya triple-jumps ladies world record (14.61 meters) 1994 Kathleen Kinmont files for divorce from Lorenzo Lamas 1994 Russian manned space craft TM-17, lands 1995 10,000s South Africans attend state funeral of Joe Slovo 1995 16th ACE Cable Awards HBO wins 23 awards 1996 "Holiday" closes at Circle in Square Theater New York City NY after 49 performances 1996 "Swinging On a Star" closes at Music Box Theater New York City NY after 97 performances 1996 Liselotte Neumann wins Chrysler-Plymouth Tournament of Golf Champions 1998 100th episode of "Ellen" airs 1998 Charles Barkley pleads not guilty to an assault charge ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
Missing in Action
1964 HICKMAN VINCENT JOSEPH NEW YORK NY ACFT CRASH EXPLODE BURN REFNO 0027 1964 MITCHELL CARL BERG MT STERLING KY ACFT CRASH EXPLODE BURN 1966 PRUNER WILLIAM R. 01/17/66 REMAINS RECOVERED 1967 CANUP FRANKLIN H. JR. CONCORD NC 1968 HORNE STANLEY W. LOS ANGELES CA REMAINS RETURNED 4/08/90 I.D. 11/14/90 1968 LEBERT RONALD M. WATERTOWN SD 03/14/73 RELEASED BY DRV ALIVE IN 98 1968 SUMPTER THOMAS W. NASHVILLE TN 03/14/73 RELEASED BY DRV DECEASED 02/26/95 1968 TERRELL IRBY D. HOUSTON TX 03/14/73 RELEASED BY DRV " ""DAVE"" 1968 WALKER HUBERT C. TULSA OK 03/14/73 RELEASED BY DRV " ""CLIFF"" ALIVE AND WELL 98" 1969 GUGGENBERGER GARY J. COLD SPRING MN 02/12/73 RELEASED BY PRG INJURED
BB-39 USS ARIZONA- 01-14-2006
Births which occurred on January 14:
1451 Franchinus Gaffurius composer 1467 Henry van Stolberg & Wernigerode German Governor/Viceroy of Frisia 1566 Angelo Notari composer 1592 Sjihab al-Din Sultan Choerram Sjah Djahan leader of India 1615 John Biddle English minister (Unitarian) 1618 Jan Six Dutch mayor of Amsterdam 1655 Angelo Predieri composer 1664 Simon van Slingelandt Dutch grand pensionary (1727-36) 1684 Jean-Baptiste Vanloo French painter 1700 Picander [Christian F Henrici], German writer (Der Säuffer) 1705 Jean-Baptiste C Bouvet de Lozier/Lozier-Bouvet Governor (Reunion Is) 1722 Friedrich Gottlob Fleischer composer 1730 William Whipple merchant/judge/patriot (Declaration of Independence signer) 1741 Benedict Arnold US General turned traitor (Revolutionary War) 1751 Corona Elizabeth Wilhelmine Schroter composer 1780 Francois-Joseph Dizi composer 1791 Calvin Phillips became shortest known adult male (67cm; 2'2") 1798 Isaac da Costa Dutch writer/lawyer 1798 Johan R Thorbecke Premier of Netherlands (Liberal-1849-72) 1800 Ludwig A F Ritter von Köchel Austrian musicologist (Mozart, Fux) 1804 John Park composer 1806 Matthew Fontaine Maury Naval Commander (Confederacy) 1812 Carl Gradener composer 1814 Johannes Josephus Viotta composer 1817 Harmen S Sytstra Dutch poet/editor (Iduna) 1818 Zacharias Topelius Finnish historical novelist (Surgeon's Stories) 1819 Fabio Campana composer 1819 Frederick Steele Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1868 1822 Nicholas Mori composer 1831 John Bullock Clark Jr Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1903 1834 William Cleaver Francis Robinson composer 1836 [Hugh] Judson Kilpatrick Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1881 1839 Emil Bohn composer 1841 Berthe M P Morisot French painter/aquarellist 1844 Clara Kathleen Rogers composer 1845 Henry C K Petty-Fitzmaurice 5th marquess of Landsdowne/Governor-General Canada 1850 Jean de Reszke [Jan Mieczyslaw], Polish tenor 1850 Pierre Loti [Julien Viaud], French sea officer/writer (Pêcheur) 1851 Théophile de Bock Dutch painter/etcher/drawer 1861 Mehmed VI last sultan of Ottoman Empire (1918-22) 1861 Wilhelm von Polenz German writer (Der Pfarrer von Breitendorf) 1863 Pieter Oosterlee Dutch educator 1868 Catharina A M de Savornin Lohman Dutch author (Belief) 1871 Pauline Beersmans [van Cuyck], Flemish actress (Hofslachter) 1874 Thornton Waldo Burgess author (Peter Rabbit) 1875 Albert Schweitzer doctor/humanitarian/organist (Nobel 1952) 1878 Victor A D Ségalen [Max Anély], French writer 1882 Hendrik W van Loon Netherlands, commentator/writer (Story of America) 1886 Hugh Lofting English/American writer & illustrator (Dr Dolittle) 1889 Vincenzo Davico composer 1892 Hal Roach early film director/producer (1 Million BC) 1892 Martin Niemöller clergyman (German Protestant); imprisoned by Hitler 1895 George Richard Samways children's writer 1896 John dos Passos novelist (1919, Big Money, 42nd Parallel) 1898 Helen Flint Chicago, actress (Sea Devils, Married Before Breakfast) 1899 Fritz Bayerlein German Lieutenant-General (WWI, Poland, Libya, St Louis) 19-- Jonathan Daly Chicago, actor (Orrin-Petticoat Junction) 1901 Carlos P Romulo Philippine General/Diplomat/Jurist 1901 Bebe Daniels Scotland, actress (42nd Street, Lonesome Luke) 1902 Alfred Tarski Warsaw, mathematician/logician 1902 F C Terborgh [Reijnier Flaes], Dutch writer (De Turkenoorlog) 1903 Veronica Turleigh County Donegal Ireland, actress (Promoter) 1904 Sir Cecil Beaton England, royal family photographer 1906 William Bendix New York City NY, actor (Lifeboat, Babe Ruth Story, Life of Riley) 1906 Walter Knape composer 1907 Derek Richter British neuro chemist (Aspects of learning & memory) 1907 Sophie Redmond Suriname's 1st female physician 1908 Carl Esmond Vienna Austria, actor (Address Unknown, Hitler) 1908 Ruggiero de Rudolpho Columbo US singer/actor (Miracle of Women) 1909 Joseph Walton Losey Wisconsin, director (Damned, Accident) 1910 Renier van der Velden composer 1911 George Amadee Tremblay composer 1911 Helmut Degen composer 1912 Rudolf Hagelstange German author/poet (Spielball der Götter) 1913 Tillie Olsen American writer (Tell Me a Riddle) 1914 Harold Russell actor (Best Years of Our Life) 1915 Andre Frossard Catholic columnist 1916 John Oliver Killens novelist 1919 Andy Rooney Albany NY, CBS news correspondent (60 Minutes) 1919 Giulio Andreotti 7 x premier (Italy) 1920 George Herman newsman (CBS-TV) 1920 Bertus de Harder Dutch soccer star (Bordeaux) 1920 Donald Beard cricketer (New Zealand pace bowler in the 1950's) 1921 Mark Lawrence Washington DC, pianist (Alice Pearce) 1921 Charles Gaupp German/Dutch painter 1924 Guy Williams New York City NY, actor (Zorro, Lost in Space) 1925 Yukio Mishima Japan, novelist (Temple of Golden Pavilion) 1926 Frank Aletter Long Island NY, actor (Mac-It's About Time, Tom-Nancy) 1926 Thomas Tryon Hartford CT, actor/novelist (I Married a Monster from Outer Space, Cardinal, All That Glitters) 1926 Harold Wolpe sociologist lawyer/South African activist 1927 Ivan Kalita USSR, equestrian dressage (Olympics-silver-1968) 1928 Gerald Arpino Staten Island NY, choreographer 1929 Billy Walker Ralls TX, country singer (Ozark Jubilee) 1929 Aleksander Petrovic film director 1930 Edgar Sergeyi Hovhanesyan composer 1930 Ernest Just Black biologist, served as Vice President of American Zoologists 1931 Juraj Pospisil composer 1932 Catarina Valente Paris France, singer (The Entertainers) 1932 Harriet Andersson Stockholm Sweden, actress (Cries & Whispers) 1936 Ludmila Pinayeva USSR, 500m kayak (Olympics-gold-1964, 1968, 1972) 1936 Reiner Klimke Germany, equestrian dressage (Olympics-gold-1984) 1936 Clarence Carter US singer (Thread the Needle) 1936 John Paul Cain Sweetwater TX, PGA golfer (1989 Greater Grand Rapids) 1937 Billie Jo Spears country singer 1937 Ken Higgs cricketer (effective England pace-bowler in 15 Tests 1965-68) 1938 Jack Jones Los Angeles CA, singer (Love Boat Theme) 1938 Allen Toussaint [Naomi Neville], pianist/songwriter (Ride Your Pony, Wild Sign of New Orleans) 1940 Julian Bond Nashville TN, (D-GA) civil rights leader 1941 Marjoe Gortner Long Beach CA, actor (Speak Up America, Falcon Crest) 1941 C L "Gibby" Gilbert Jr Chattanooga TN, PGA golfer (1976 Danny Thomas) 1941 [Dorothy] Faye Dunaway Bascom FL, actress (Chinatown, Bonnie & Clyde) 1942 Carol Bellamy Planfield NJ, (City Council President-D-NYC, 1978-85) 1942 Amichand Rajbansi South African politician 1943 Holland Taylor Philadelphia PA, actress (The Practice, Bossom Buddies, Camilla-Naked Truth) 1943 Ronald Hunter Boston MA, actor (Lazarus Syndrome) 1943 Shannon W Lucid Shanghai China, astronaut (STS 51G, STS 34, STS 43, STS 58, STS 76/79) 1943 José Luis Rodriguez Caracas Venezuela, singer (Dueno De Nada) 1944 Graham Vivian Marsh Kalgoorlie Australia, PGA golfer (1977 Heritage) 1947 Bill Weberniuk Canadian snooker player 1948 Carl Weathers New Orleans LA, actor (Apollo Creed-Rocky) 1948 T-Bone Burnett musician/producer 1948 Tim Harris rocker (Foundations) 1949 Christine Belford Amityville NY, actress (Banacek, Empire, 90210) 1949 Lawrence Kasdan Miami FL, director/writer (Accidental Tourist) 1951 Gil Pak Jong Korea, judo (Olympics-1976) 1951 William Risrook rocker (BT Express-Here Comes the Express) 1952 Sydney Biddle Barrow madam/author (Mayflower Madam) 1958 Colin Ferguson murderer (6 people on the Long Island Railroad on Dec 7, 1993) 1959 Carl Chas Smash Smyth rock bassist (Madness-Our House) 1959 Geoff Tate vocalist (Queensryche-Breaking the Silence) 1959 Paul Terry cricketer (in Germany Two Tests England vs West Indies 1984) 1959 Susan Smith Beloit WI, playmate (Sept, 1981) 1961 Robert Edwin Hall mountaineer/businessman 1962 Patrica Morrison rocker (Sisters of Mercy-Walk Away, Black Planet) 1964 Sergei Nemchinov Moscow Russia, NHL center (New York Islanders, Olympics-Silver-98) 1964 Steven Soderbergh writer (Mimi, Schizoplis) 1965 Vanity [Dee Dee Williams], singer/actress (Action Jackson) 1965 Dave Lowry Sudbury, NHL left wing (Florida Panthers) 1965 Désirée Nosbusch Luxembourg, actress (The Fan) 1965 Jemma Redgrave London England, actress (Buddha of Suburbia) 1966 Daniel J Schneider Memphis TN, actor (Dennis-Head of the Class) 1966 Matt Brock NFL defensive end/tackle (New York Jets) 1967 Emily Watson actress (Breaking the Waves, Boxer) 1967 Terry Wooden NFL linebacker (Seattle Seahawks, Kansas City Chiefs) 1967 Tom Rhodes actor (Tom Rhodes-Mr Rhodes) 1968 Fred[ric] Honebein San Francisco CA, rower (Olympics-5th-1996) 1968 L L Cool J [James Todd Smith], St Albans NY, rapper (Bigger & Deffer) 1969 Jason Kent Bateman Rye NY, actor (David-Valerie, Hogan Family) 1969 Dave Grohl drummer (Nirvana, Foo Fighters) 1969 David Webb WLAF linebacker (Frankfurt Galaxy) 1969 Martin Bicknell cricketer (England pace bowler 1993) 1969 Rico Smith NFL wide receiver (Cleveland Browns) 1970 Eric Charron Verdun, NHL defenseman (Washington Capitals) 1970 Steve Cooke Kanai HI, pitcher (Pittsburgh Pirates) 1970 Tyrone Hughes NFL cornerback (New Orleans Saints, Chicago Bears) 1972 Kyle Brady NFL tight end (New York Jets) 1972 Michael Davis NFL cornerback (Cleveland Browns) 1973 Ed Howard NFL wide receiver (Atlanta Falcons) 1973 Lethon Flowers NFL defensive back (Pittsburgh Steelers) 1973 Rod Myers Conroe TX, outfielder (Kansas City Royals) 1974 Hugues Legault Montréal Québec Canada, 50m swimmer (Olympics-96) 1974 Kevin Jefferson NFL linebacker (Cincinnati Bengals) 1974 Michael Dritlein WLAF wide receiver (Rhein Fire) 1974 Nancy Napolski Hinsdale Idaho, air rifle (Olympics-1996) 1975 Marcel Koning soccer player (FC The Hague/NEC) 1977 Terry Ryan St Johns, NHL left wing (Montréal Canadiens) 1988 Jamie Altman son of Lynda Carter & Robert Altman 1988 Jordy French singer 1989 Sextuplets Paris France, (to a 29-year-old woman) ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))0
Deaths which occurred on January 14:
0973 Ekkehard I monk of St Gallen (Vita Waltharii manu fortis), dies 1163 Ladislaus I Arpad king of Hungary (1162-63), dies 1236 Sava [Rastko] son of Serbia's king/saint, dies at 64 1237 St Sava son of Serbia's king, dies 1301 Andreas III Arpad king of Hungary (1290-1301), dies at 50 1595 Ferdinand archduke of Austria/mayor of Bohemenia, dies 1623 Paolo Sarpi Italian church historian/politician, dies at 70 1648 Casparus Barleaus Flemish theologist/poet (Muiderkring), dies at 63 1676 Pier Francesco Cavalli Italian (opera)composer, dies at 73 1742 Edmund Halley genius eclipsed by Newton, dies at 86 1766 Frederik V king of Denmark/Norway (1746-66), dies at 42 1802 Marie Allard French ballerina, dies at 59 1817 Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny composer, dies at 87 1822 Franz Innocenz Joseph Kobell German landscape painter, dies at 72 1830 Johann G Repsold German instrument maker, dies at 59 1847 Governor Bent 5 others in US occupation, killed by revolt in New Mexico 1850 Anthony van Hoboken Rotterdam merchant/ship owner, dies at 93 1868 Heinrich Schenker Austrian musicologist (Ursatz), dies at 66 1887 Friedrich von Amerling Austrian painter, dies at 83 1887 Peter "Peerke" Donders missionary (Father of Melaatsen), dies at 77 1888 Stephen Heller composer, dies at 74 1890 Francesco D'Arcais composer, dies at 59 1898 Reverend Charles L Dodgson better known as Lewis Carroll, dies at 66 1901 Charles Hermite French mathematician (e is transcendent), dies at 78 1901 Mandell Creighton English bishop/historian, dies at 57 1901 Victor Balaguer Catalaans historian/politician/author, dies at 76 1902 Cato M Guldberg Norwegian mathematician, dies at 65 1905 Ernst Abbe German physicist (Carl Zeiss Optics Company), dies at 64 1907 Karl von Perfall composer, dies at 82 1908 Holger Drachmann writer, dies 1909 Sinovi P Rozhestvensky Russian admiral, dies at 60 1912 Otto Liebmann German philosopher (Kant & Epigones), dies at 71 1916 Otto Ammon German anthropologist/sociologist, dies at 73 1924 Arne Garborg Norwegian playwright (Mannfolk), dies at 72 1925 Willem Devout self employed (V & Dreesmann), dies 1929 Cornelis W Lely Dutch Governor of Suriname (1902-05), dies at 74 1931 William Ernst Johnson British mathematician, dies 1943 Adolf Sandberger composer, dies at 78 1944 Mohammed Emin Yurdakul Turkish poet, dies at about 74 1945 Sandor Vandor composer, dies at 43 1948 Anna "Ans" van Dike Dutch Jewish Nazi-collaborator, executed at 42 1949 Joaquín Turina Spanish pianist/conductor/composer (Rima), dies at 66 1956 Siegfried F Nadel Australian/British anthropologist (Nuba), dies at 52 1957 Humphrey Bogart actor (Casablanca, Caine Mutiny), dies at 57 1961 Ernest Thesiger actor (Brass Monkey, Ghoul), dies at 81 1961 Henry Geehl composer, dies at 79 1963 Gustav Regler writer, dies at 64 1965 Jeanette MacDonald soprano (When I'm Calling You), dies at 63 1966 Sergei Korolev Russian space station constructor, dies 1967 Renato Lunelli composer, dies at 71 1970 John J "Johnny" Murphy US baseball pitcher (New York Yankees), dies at 61 1971 Ethel Glenn Hier composer, dies at 82 1972 Frederik IX [Christiaan FFMKW], king of Denmark (1947-72), dies at 72 1974 Josef Smrkovsky Czechoslovakia parliament chairman, dies at 62 1976 Margaret Leighton actress (Best Man, Go-Between), dies at 53 1977 Abdul Razak bin Hussain premier of Malaysia (1970-77), dies at 53 1977 Anaïs Nin Cuban/American writer (Delta of Venus), dies at 73 1977 Anthony Eden British premier (1955-57), dies at 79 1977 Peter Finch actor (Network, Nun's Story, Judith), dies at 60 1978 Blossom Rock actress (Grandmamma-Addams Family), dies at 81 1978 Robert Heger composer, dies at 91 1984 Ray Kroc founder of MacDonalds/owner San Diego Padres, dies at 82 1984 Mary Zeldenrust-Noordanus Dutch sexuologist (Dutch Society for Sexual Reformation-NVSH), dies at 55 1984 Paul Ben Haim composer, dies at 86 1985 Jetta Goudal French actress (White Gold), dies at 86 1986 Donna Reed actress (Donna Reed Show, Dallas), dies of cancer at 64 1986 Walter Leblanc Belgian painter, dies at 53 1987 Douglas Sirk director (Zu Neuen Ufern, Boefje), dies at 86 1988 Georgi M Malenkov PM of USSR (1953-55), dies at 86 1990 David Arkin actor (I Love You Alice B Toklas), dies 1991 Sallah Kharaf [Abu Iyad], co-founder (Al-Fatah), assassinated 1992 Hari Rhodes actor (Earth II, Detroit 9000), dies at 59 1993 Elisabeth A de Vreugd chambermaid for Dutch Queen, dies at 98 1993 Manfred Lachs Polish lawyer (International Court of Justice), dies 1994 Esther Ralston US actress (Tin Pan Alley, San Francisco Docks), dies at 91 1994 Federica Montseny anarchist/Spanish minister of Health (1936), dies at 80 1995 Alexander Gibson British conductor/founder (Scottish Opera), dies at 68 1995 Mark Finch film festival organizer, dies at 33 1995 Stafford William Somerfield newspaper editor, dies at 84 1996 Eric Briault educationalist, dies at 84 1996 Pamelo Mounk'a musician, dies at 50 1997 King Hu film director, dies at 64
BB-39 USS ARIZONA- 01-14-2006
1860 House Committee of Thirty Three submits proposed amendment
Unable to agree on anything else, the Committee of Thirty Three submits a proposed constitutional amendment protecting slavery in all areas where it already existed. The proposed measure was not enough to stem the tide of seceding states.
After the election of Republican Abraham Lincoln as president in November 1860, the states of the south began to talk of secession. The Republican Party was committed to restricting slavery in the western territories, and southerners feared an eventual campaign to eradicate the institution entirely from the country. As the new administration prepared to take over, attempts were made by many politicians in Washington to alleviate southern fears. The House of Representatives appointed the Committee of Thirty Three, one from each state, to investigate avenues of compromise that would keep the South from seceding.
Most of the compromises involved the Republicans forfeiting their plan to keep slavery out of the western territories. This was, however, the entire reason for the existence of the party. As a result, many northern Congressmen would not agree to any such move. Finally, on January 14, committee chair Thomas Corwin of Ohio submitted a plan calling for an amendment to protect slavery, enforce the fugitive slave laws, and repeal state personal liberty laws. In the 1850s, the South was increasingly concerned with slaves escaping to the North; the personal liberty laws made it difficult to get slaves back, and this was a motivating factor behind secession.
South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, and Alabama had already seceded by the time Corwin made his proposal. The plan died, and the nation continued on the road to war. ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
1915 South African troops occupy Swakopmund in German Southwest Africa
As part of an attempt to display its loyalty to the British empire and, perhaps more importantly, enlarge its own sphere of influence on the African continent, South Africa sends troops to occupy Swakopmund, a seaside town in German-occupied Southwest Africa (modern-day Namibia).
When war broke out in 1914, South African Prime Minister Louis Botha immediately pledged full support for Britain, antagonizing a portion of South Africa’s ruling Afrikaner (or Boer) population, who were still resentful of their defeat, at the hands of the British, in the Boer War of 1899-1902.
That conflict had pitted the Boers, descendants of South Africa’s Dutch settlers who controlled two republics—the gold-rich Transvaal and the Orange Free State—against the colonial armies of Great Britain. A stiff Boer resistance, including an extensive campaign of guerrilla warfare, had ultimately been repressed by brutal methods—including concentration camps—introduced by the British commander in chief, Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener (who later became Britain’s minister of war). Under the terms of the Treaty of Vereeniging, which ended the Boer War in 1902, the Boer republics were granted eventual self-government as colonies of the British empire. They received their own constitutions in 1907 and in 1910 the British Parliament’s South Africa Act established the Union of South Africa as a united self-governing dominion of the British empire. Botha, the leader of the South African Party, became its first head of government.
In 1914, Botha and Minister of Defense Jan Smuts, both generals and former Boer commanders, were looking to extend the Union’s borders further on the continent. Invading German Southwest Africa would not only aid the British—it would also help to accomplish that goal. The plan angered some Afrikaners, who were resentful of their government’s support of Britain against Germany, which had been pro-Boer in their war against the British. Several major military leaders resigned over their opposition to the invasion of the German territory and open rebellion broke out in October 1914. It was quashed in December and the conquest of Southwest Africa, carried out by a South African Defense Force of nearly 50,000 men, was completed in only six months.
On July 9, 1915, Germans in Southwest Africa surrendered to South African forces there; 16 days later, South Africa annexed the territory. At the Versailles peace conference in 1919, Smuts and Botha argued successfully for a formal Union mandate over Southwest Africa, one of the many commissions granted at the conference to member states of the new League of Nations allowing them to establish their own governments in former German territories. In the years to come, South Africa did not easily relinquish its hold on the territory, not even in the wake of the Second World War, when the United Nations took over the mandates in Africa and gave all other territories their independence. Only in 1990 did South Africa finally welcome a new, independent Namibia as its neighbor. ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
1942 Anglo-American Combined Chiefs of Staff established
On this day, the United States and Great Britain agree to have the British Chiefs of Staff and the U.S. Joint Chiefs work together, either through meetings or representatives, to advise the leaders of both nations on military policy during the war.
During the Arcadia Conference, which began on December 22, 1941, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met with President Franklin D. Roosevelt in Washington, D.C., to discuss a unified Anglo-American war strategy and a future peace. Toward this end, the Combined Chiefs of Staff was created. The British Chiefs of Staff, composed of the three service heads (army, navy, air force), and their U.S. counterparts, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, were made into one office, with the Combined Staff Planners and the Combined Secretariat offering administrative support. ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
1943 Roosevelt and Churchill begin Casablanca Conference
On this day, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin D. Roosevelt meet in Casablanca, Morocco, along with the Combined Chiefs of Staff, to discuss strategy and study the next phase of the war. This meeting marked the first time an American president left American soil during wartime. Participants also included leaders of the French government-in-exile, Gen. Charles de Gaulle and Gen. Henri Giraud, who were assured of a postwar united France.
The success of the North Africa invasion, which resulted in the defeat of Vichy French forces, compelled President Roosevelt to meet with Prime Minister Churchill (Joseph Stalin, president and dictator of the USSR, declined an invitation to attend) to confer on how best to push forward an end to the war. Top priority was given to destroying German U-boat patrols in the Atlantic and launching combined bombing missions. Most important, in a controversial declaration, they announced that the Allies would accept only unconditional surrender from the Axis powers, a decision that caused consternation on all sides as too extreme and allowing too little room for political maneuvering. The meeting was kept secret--even by newspapers that knew about it--until the participants left Morocco on January 27. ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
1964 Westmoreland appointed as Harkins' deputy
Lt. Gen. William Westmoreland is appointed deputy to Gen. Paul Harkins, chief of U.S. Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV). It was generally accepted that Westmoreland would soon replace Harkins, whose insistently optimistic views on the progress of the war had increasingly come under criticism.
On June 20, 1964, Harkins departed and Westmoreland did assume command of MACV. His initial task was to provide military advice and assistance to the government of South Vietnam. However, with the commitment of U.S. ground troops, General Westmoreland assumed the added responsibility of commanding America's armed forces in combat in Vietnam.
One of the Vietnam War's most controversial figures, Westmoreland received many honors (including being named Time Man of the Year in 1965) when the fighting was going well, but many Americans blamed him for the problems in Vietnam when the war turned sour. Having provided continually optimistic reports about the war, Westmoreland came under particularly heavy criticism in 1968, when the communists launched the massive surprise Tet Offensive on January 30. In July 1968, Westmoreland was appointed Chief of Staff of the Army, and General Creighton W. Abrams Jr. replaced him as commander of MACV. ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
1968 Operation Niagara launched
U.S. joint-service Operation Niagara is launched to support the U.S. Marine base at Khe Sanh.
The Khe Sanh base was the westernmost anchor of a series of combat bases and strongholds that stretched from the Cua Viet River on the coast of the South China Sea westward along Route 9 to the Laotian border. Intelligence sources revealed that the North Vietnamese Army was beginning to build up its forces in the area surrounding Khe Sanh. Operation Niagara was a joint U.S. Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps air campaign launched in support of the marines manning the base. Using sensors installed along the nearby DMZ and reconnaissance flights to pinpoint targets, 24,000 tactical fighter-bomber sorties and 2,700 B-52 strategic bomber sorties were flown between the start of the operation and March 31, 1968, when it was terminated. This airpower played a major role in the successful defense of Khe Sanh when it came under attack on January 21 and was subsequently besieged for 66 days until finally broken on April 7.
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