1379 End of Gelderse war victory 1545 German Parliament opens in Worms 1550 France & England sign Peace of Boulogne 1603 Scottish king James VI becomes King James I of England 1629 1st game law passed in American colonies, by Virginia 1645 Battle at Jankov Bohemia: Sweden beatS Roman Catholic emperor Ferdinand III 1664 Roger Williams is granted a charter to colonize Rhode Island 1721 Johann Sebastian Bach opens his Brandenburgse Concerts 1734 Netherlands' William K H Friso marries princess Anne of Hanover 1765 Britain enacts Quartering Act, required colonists to provide temporary housing to British soldiers 1792 Benjamin West (US) becomes president of Royal Academy of London 1801 Aleksandr P Romanov becomes emperor of Russia 1828 Philadelphia & Columbia Railway (1st state owned) authorized 1832 Mormon Joseph Smith beaten, tarred & feathered in Ohio 1837 Canada gives blacks the right to vote 1848 State of siege proclaimed in Amsterdam 1855 Manhattan Kansas founded as New Boston KS 1860 Clipper Andrew Jackson arrives in San Francisco, 89 days out of New York 1868 Metropolitan Life Insurance Co forms 1877 University boat race between Oxford & Cambridge ends in a dead heat 1878 British frigate Eurydice sunk; 300 lost 1880 Tobacco Growers' Mutual Insurance Company incorporates in Connecticut 1882 German scientist Robert Koch discovers bacillus cause of TB 1883 1st telephone call between New York & Chicago 1887 Oscar Straus appointed 1st Jewish ambassador from US (to Turkey) 1890 Start of Sherlock Holmes "The Adventure of Wisteria Lodge" (BG) 1894 37 miners killed at Franklin WA 1898 1st automobile sold 1906 "Census of the British Empire" shows England rules 1/5 of the world 1910 83ºF highest temperature ever recorded in Cleveland in March 1913 Netherlands soccer team's 1st victory over England 1913 Palace Theater opens at 1564 Broadway NYC 1920 1st US coast guard air station established (Morehead City NC) 1922 Grand National at Aintree sees only 3 horses out of 32 starters finish 1924 Greece becomes a republic 1925 KSL-AM in Salt Lake City UT begins radio transmissions 1926 The Beehive in the Hague opens 1st escalator in Netherlands 1927 Cuban chess champion, Jose Capablanca wins 33-day Grand Chess Tournie 1927 Dutch 1st Chamber condemns Belgian & Netherlands' Wielingen Treaty 1930 1st religious services telecast in US (W2XBS, New York NY) 1930 Planet Pluto named 1930 Rÿnsburgse Boys soccer team forms 1932 1st US radio broadcast from a moving train (Belle Baker, WABC from Maryland) 1933 Peter I Island incorporated as a Norwegian dependency 1934 US declares the Philippines to become independent in 1945 1935 Major Bowes' Original Amateur Hour goes national on NBC Radio Network 1936 Red Wings beat Montréal Maroons in 16 minutes & 30 seconds of 6th period Stanley Cup game lasts 9 periods (176 minutes), ends 1-0 1937 Bus blew a tire, going out of control, killing 18 (Salem IL) 1937 National Gallery of Art established by Congress 1941 British troops defeat British Somalia 1941 German troops occupy El Agheila Libya 1941 Glenn Miller begins work on his 1st movie for 20th Century Fox 1941 Long Island University beats Ohio University 56-42 for NIT basketball championship 1941 Richard Wright & Paul Green's "Native Son" premieres in New York NY 1944 76 Allied officers escape Stalag Luft 3 (Great Escape) 1944 811 British bombers attack Berlin 1944 In occupied Rome, Nazis executed more than 300 civilians 1945 General Eisenhower, Montgomery & Bradley discuss advance in Germany 1945 Largest one-day airborne drop, 600 transports & 1300 gliders 1945 Operation Varsity: British, US & Canadian airborne landings East of Rhine 1945 US minesweepers reach Kerama Retto, South coast of Okinawa 1947 Congress proposes 2-term limitation on the Presidency 1947 John D Rockefeller Jr donates NYC East River site to the UN 1949 21st Academy Awards: "Hamlet", Laurence Olivier & Jane Wyman win 1949 Walter & John Huston become 1st father-and-son team to win Oscars (actor & director of "Treasure of Sierra Madre") 1950 Gracie de Moss wins LPGA Pro-Ladies Golf Championship 1950 US Ladies Figure Skating Championship won by Yvonne C Sherman 1950 US Men's Figure Skating Championship won by Richard Button 1952 Great demonstrations against apartheid in South-Africa 1953 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site 1955 1st seagoing oil drill rig placed in service 1955 British Army patrols withdraw from Belfast after 20 years 1955 Tennessee Williams, "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" opens on Broadway for 694 performances 1958 Elvis Presley joins the army (serial number 53310761) 1959 Iraq withdraws from the Baghdad Pact 1960 US appeals court rules novel, "Lady Chatterly's Lover", not obscene 1961 New York Senate approves $55M for a baseball stadium at Flushing Meadows 1962 24th NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: Cincinnati beats Ohio State 71-59 1962 Benny Paret, KO'd in a welterweight title, he dies 10 days later 1962 Mick Jagger & Keith Richards perform as Little Boy Blue & Blue Boys 1964 Kennedy half-dollar issued 1965 US Ranger 9 strikes Moon, 10 miles (16 km) northeast of crater Alphonsus 1966 Selective Service announces college deferments based on performance 1967 University of Michigan holds 1st "Teach-in" after bombing of North Vietnam 1968 Mickey Wright wins Port Malabar Golf Invitational 1970 Dutch cartoonist Frans Piët ends "Sjors & Sjimmie" strip 1972 Great Britain imposes direct rule over Northern Ireland 1973 Harley Race beats Dory Funk Jr in Kansas City, to become NWA champion 1973 Immaculata beats Queens College, 59-52 to win AIAW Basketball title 1973 Professional track debut of Kip Keino defeating Jim Ryun in the mile 1973 San Francisco 49er president Lou Spadia proposes NFL expand to 30 teams 1974 36th NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: North Carolina State beats Marquette 76-64; this ends UCLA's 7 year reign as NCAA basketball champions 1975 Muhammad Ali TKOs Chuck Wepner in 15 to retain the heavyweight boxing title 1976 Argentine President Isabel Perón deposed by country's military 1978 Wings release "With a Little Luck" 1979 "Ballroom" closes at Majestic Theater NYC after 116 performances 1979 10 rebounds & 10 assists, as the Spartans cruise to a 101-67 by University of Pennsylvania; Michigan State's Earvin "Magic" Johnson registers triple-double 29 points 1979 1st appearance as Australian cricket captain for Kim Hughes 1979 Columbia flown on aircraft carrier lands at Kennedy Space Center 1980 42nd NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: Louisville beats UCLA 59-54 1980 ABC's nightly Iran Hostage crisis program renamed "Nightline with Ted Koppel" 1980 Capitol Records releases some rare Beatles tracks 1981 Bombay beat Delhi by innings & 46 to win Ranji Cricket Trophy 1981 Colombia drops diplomatic relations with Cuba 1982 US sub Jacksonville collides with a Turkish freighter near Virginia 1984 Andrea Schöne skates ladies world record 5 km (7 :4.52) 1984 Igor Malkov skates world record 10 km (14 :1.51) 1984 IOC agrees to 6-team exhibition baseball tournament in Olympics 1985 Golden Raspberry Awards presented to parody Oscar Awards (Bolero wins) 1985 Jan Stephenson wins LPGA GNA Golf Classic 1985 Norman Gifford makes cricket ODI debuts at age 44 (v Australia, Sharjah) 1986 58th Academy Awards: "Out of Africa", William Hurt & Geraldine Page win 1986 NASA publishes "Strategy for Safely Returning the Space Shuttle to Flight Status" 1986 Suriname army Captain Etienne Boerenveen arrested for cocaine smuggling 1986 US & Libya clash in Gulf of Sidra 1987 1st Soul Train Music Awards: Janet Jackson, Luther Vandross win 1987 Western Australia win the Sheffield Shield by drawing cricket final vs Victoria 1988 "Gospel at Colonus" opens at Lunt Fontanne Theater NYC for 61 performances 1988 Quarterback Dan Fouts retires 1989 Mary Martin in "Peter Pan", 1st time seen on TV since 1973 1989 Worst US oil spill, Exxon's Valdez spills 11.3 million gallons off Alaska 1990 Indian troops leave Sri Lanka 1990 Tom Hunter swims world record 50 meter freestyle (21.81 seconds) 1991 "Les Miserables" opens at Auditorium Theatre, Chicago 1991 11th Golden Raspberry Awards: Ford Fairlane & Ghosts Can't Do It win 1991 Barcelona Dragons beat New York/New Jersey Knights 19-7 in their 1st WLAF game 1991 Danielle Ammaccapane wins LPGA Standard Register Ping Golf Tournament 1991 In liberated Kuwait, banks reopen 1991 New York Yankees beat New York Mets, 9-3 1991 Wrestlemania VII in Los Angeles, Hulk Hogan pins Sergeant Slaughter for championship 1992 "Jake's Women" opens at Neil Simon Theater NYC for 245 performances 1992 1st Belgian in the space, Dirk Frimout on Atlantis Space Shuttle STS-45 (Atlantis 11) launches into space 1992 Sudanese Boeing 707 crashes on mountain Hymettos at Athens; 5-6 die 1993 Ezer Weizman elected President of Israel 1994 "Carousel" opens at Beaumont Theater NYC for 322 performances 1994 "Song of Jacob Zulu" opens at Plymouth Theater NYC for 53 performances 1994 F-16 collides with C-130 Hercules above AFB in North Carolina, 120 die 1994 Robert F Kennedy Jr divorces Emily Black 1996 16th Golden Raspberry Awards: Showgirls wins 1996 Eastenders star Michael French is reported to be a homosexual 1996 Laura Davies wins LPGA Standard Register Ping Golf Tournament 1996 MTA raises NYC bridge tolls to $3.50 each way 1997 69th Academy Awards: "The English Patient", Tom Cruise & Frances McDormand win 1997 Australian parliament overturns world's 1st & only euthanasia law )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
Missing in Action......
1966 BUSH ROBERT E. HAMDEN CT REMAINS RETURNED 12/15/88 1967 ELLISON JOHN C. LAYTON UT 1967 HALLBERG ROGER C. PALO ALTO CA 1967 PLOWMAN JAMES E. PEBBLE BEACH CA 1967 STEWART JACK T. WASHINGTON DC 1969 ARROYO-BAEZ GERASINO MAUNARO PR "08/24/72 DIC, ON PRG DIC LIST REMAINS RET 03/85" 1969 BOWERS RICHARD L. LAKE MILLS WI DIED IN ESCAPE ON CAPTURE DAY 1970 BORONSKI JOHN A. WARE MA SAR SAYS SURVIVAL UNLIKELY 1970 BECERRA RUDY M. RICHMOND TX SAR SAYS SURVIVAL UNLIKELY 1970 GANOE BERMAN JR. BELLEVIEW FL SAR SAYS SURVIVAL UNLIKELY 1970 HOSKEN JOHN C. CHAGRIN FALLS OH SAR SAYS SURVIVAL UNLIKELY 1970 HARNED GARY A. SPRINGBORO PA SAR SAYS SURVIVAL UNLIKELY 1970 O'DONNELL MICHAEL D. SPRINGFIELD IL SAR SAYS SURVIVAL UNLIKELY 1970 POOL JERRY L. FREEPORT IL SAR SAYS SURVIVAL UNLIKELY 1971 BUTCHER JACK M. ANN ARBOR MI 03/28/73 RELEASED BY PL ALIVE IN 98 1971 BECKWITH HARRY M. FLINT MI
BB-39 USS ARIZONA- 03-24-2006
Births which occurred on March 24:
1188 Ferrand of Portugal earl of Flanders/son of Sancho I 1441 Ernst I elector of Saxon (1464-86) 1494 Georgius Agricola Germany, mineralogist (De Re Metallica) 1607 Michiel A de Ruyter Dutch Rear Admiral (St Vincent, Dune) 1630 José Saenz d'Aguirre Spanish cardinal 1703 José F de Isla [Francisco de Salazar], Spanish Jesuit/writer 1714 Carlo Giovanni Testori composer 1732 Gian Francesco de Majo composer 1740 John Antes composer 1749 Bernard Jumentier composer 1755 Rufus King framer of US constitution/(Senator-F) 1762 Marcos Antonio da Fonseca Portugal, opera composer (Portogallo) 1797 Antonio Rosmini-Serbati philosopher/founder (Institute of Charity) 1802 Jacob van Lennep attorney/Dutch MP 1809 Joseph Liouville St Omer Pas-de-Calais France, discover of transcendental numbers 1814 Galen Clark US, naturalist, discovered Mariposa Grove 1817 Aime Maillart composer 1821 [George] Hector Tyndale Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) 1821 Elisa Felix [Rachel] tragedienne 1834 John Wesley Powell US, geologist/explorer/ethnologist 1834 William Morris England, designer/craftsman/poet/socialist 1835 Josef Stefan Austria, physicist (Stefan-Boltzmann law) 1837 Philips Count of Flanders Belgium 1855 Andrew W Mellon founder (Mellon Bank)/US Secretary of Treasury 1855 Olive Schreiner South African writer (Portrait of a South African Woman) 1866 Jack McAuliffe US lightweight boxing champion, hall of famer 1869 Émile Fabre France, playwright, administrator of Comédie Française 1871 Sir Ernest Rutherford nuclear scientist 1874 Harry Houdini [Erik Weisz] Budapest Hungary, magician/escape artist 1874 Luigi Einaudi economist/1st President of Italy (1948-55) 1878 Top Naeff [Anthonetta van Rhijn-N-Naeff] Dutch writer 1883 James I Wedgwood British theosophist/old-catholic bishop 1884 Gino Marinuzzi composer 1884 Peter Debye Holland, physical chemist (Nobel 1936) 1885 Charlie Daniels US swimmer (Olympics-4 gold-1904, 08) 1887 Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle Smith Center KS, actor (Keystone comedies) 1888 Jameson Thomas London England, actor (Farmer's Wife) 1890 Miguel Suriel Netherland Antillian writer (Muhé culpabel) 1891 Annie "Charley" Toorop Dutch painter (3 Generations) 1891 John Knittel writer 1893 George Sisler baseball hall of fame 1st baseman (257 hits in 1920) 1895 Arthur Murray dancer (Arthur Murray's Dance Party) 1895 Sid Saylor Chicago IL, actor (Wally-Waterfront) 1896 Gianna Manzini writer 1897 Charles Eyck Dutch painter/sculptor 1897 Wilhelm Reich Austrian-US psycho analysist (character analysis) 1898 Dorothy Stratton organizer (SPARS-women's branch of US Coast Guard) 1898 George Alpert railroad executive 19-- Crissy Wilzak Comstock Elyria OH, actress (Crissy-Mork & Mindy) 19-- Kim Ulrich Ripon CA, actress (Diana-As the World Turns) 19-- Terrell Anthony Illinois, actor (Rusty-Guiding Light) 1900 June [Algeria Junius] Clark musician trumpet 1902 Thomas E Dewey Ohio, 1st Catholic Presidential candidate 1944, 1948 ® 1903 Adolph F J Butenandt German bio-chemist (Nobel 1939) 1903 John Patrick Sutton Ludlow actor (Agatha) 1903 Malcolm Muggeridge English writer (Observer of Life) 1905 André Christiaens Flemish writer (Unfindable Country) 1906 John Cameron Swayze news correspondant, Timex spokesman 1907 Janet Harmon Bragg US pilot/columnist (Chicago Defender) 1907 Lauris Norstad US General (NATO commander)/CEO (Owens-Corning Fiberglass) 1907 Lucia Chase US ballerina/co-founder (American Ballet Theater) 1907 Lydia Korneevna Chukovskaya writer 1907 Martin Kosleck [Nicolaie Yoshkin] Barkotzen Germany, actor (Pursuit to Algiers) 1909 Clyde Barrow bank robber (of Bonnie & Clyde fame) 1909 Thomas E "Tommy" Trinder English radio comic/actor (Phoenix) 1910 Jacques Chailley composer 1910 Richard Conte Jersey City NJ, actor (Four Just Men, 13 Rue Madeleine, Hotel, Jean Arthur Show) 1911 Enrique Jordá San Sebastian Spain, conductor (San Francisco Symphony Orchestra 1970) 1911 Herman W "Fritz" Liebert US OSSer/librarian (Yale curator) 1911 Jane Beverly Drew architect 1911 Joseph Barbera animator (Hanna-Barbera) 1914 Lilli Palmer Posen Germany, actress (Boys From Brazil, Sebastian) 1918 Englebert van Anderlecht Belgian painter 1919 John J Duncan Jr (Representative-Republican-TN, 1965- ) 1919 Lawrence Ferlinghetti author (Coney Island of the Mind) 1920 Gene Nelson [Berg], Seattle WA, actor (Tea For 2, Oklahoma) 1921 Wilson Harris Guayanese author 1922 Dave Appell singer/musician/songwriter (In the Midnight Hour) 1922 Dorothy Irene Height president (national council of negro women) 1923 Edna Jo Hunter expert on military families & prisoners of war 1923 Murray Hamilton Washington NC, actor (Rich Man Poor Man) 1924 Lois Andrews actress (Ganster, Rustlers, Desert Hawk) 1924 Lorraine Gourley Los Angeles CA 1924 Norman Fell Philadelphia PA, actor (Mr Roper-3's Company, The End, Graduate) 1925 Duncan Wood TV director/producer 1925 Mai Zetterling Vaeras Sweden, actress (Hidden Agenda, Ringer) 1926 Dario Fo Leggiuno Sangiano VA, playwright (Nobel-1997) 1927 Janos Decsenyi composer 1927 Martin Walser writer 1928 Byron "Yanks" Janis McKeesport PA, pianist (NBC Symphony Orchestra) 1928 Vanessa Brown Vienna Austria, actress (My Favorite Husband) 1929 Cuan McCarthy cricketer (36 Test wickets for South Africa, 1 career no-ball) 1930 Kenneth Nelson Rocky Mount NC, actor (Henry Aldrich-Aldrich Family) 1930 Steve McQueen Slater MO, actor (Wanted, Dead or Alive, Blob, Bullitt) 1931 Thelma Kalama US, 4 X 100 meter relay swimmer (Olympics-gold-1948) 1932 William Smith Columbia MO, actor (Rich Man Poor Man, Hawaii Five-0) 1932 Yuri Anatoyevich Ponomaryov Russia, cosmonaut (Soyuz 18 backup) 1933 David Harries composer 1935 Peter Bichsel writer 1936 Fredrick Kaufmamn composer 1937 Benjamin Luxon Redruth England, baritone (Owen Wingrave) 1937 Bill Tillman baseball player 1937 Billy Stewart US R&B singer (I Do Love You) 1937 Erskine Sandiford premier (Barbados, 1987-94) 1938 Larry Wilson NFL back (Cardinals) 1940 Bob Mackie Monterey Park CA, designer (Streisand, Cher) 1943 H Martin Lancaster (Representative-Democrat-NC) 1943 Jesus Alou baseball outfielder (San Francisco Giants) 1943 Marika Kilius German Federal Republic, pairs ice skating-Franz Ningel/Hans Jurgen Baumler, (Olympics-silver-1960, 64) 1944 Denny McLain baseball pitcher (Detroit Tigers, 31 wins in 1968) 1944 Patti Labelle singer (Phoenix, Tasty, Chameleon) 1946 Lee Oskar Copenhagen Denmark, rock harmonicist (War-Why Can't We Be Friends) 1946 Paul Williams climber 1947 Alan Sugar English multi-millionaire/computer manufacturer (Amstrad) 1947 Mike Kellie rock drummer (Spooky Tooth-It's All About) 1947 Paul McCandless rocker (Torches on the Lake) 1947 Pieter W Coetzer South African journalist/MP (NP) 1949 Nick Lowe vocalist/producer (I Knew the Bride) 1949 Steve Lang Montréal Canada, rock bassist (April Wine-Just Between You and Me) 1951 Dougie Thompson rocker (Supertramp-Bloody Well Right) 1951 Earl Williams NBAer 1951 Kenneth S Reightler Jr Patuxent MD, Commander USN/astronaut (STS 48, 60) 1951 Pat Bradley Westford MA, LPGA golfer (1981 US Women's Open) 1952 Nicholas Campbell Toronto Canada, actor (Nick-The Insiders) 1953 Steve Lubbers cricketer (captain of Dutch World Cup team 1996) 1954 Donna Pescow Brooklyn, actress (Angie, Out of this World, Rainbow) 1954 Irina Ratushinskaya Odessa Ukraine, dissident poet (Beyond the Limit) 1954 Robert Carradine Los Angeles CA, actor (Slim-The Cowboys, Wavelength) 1956 Ijaz Faqih cricketer (Pakistan off-spin all-rounder in 5 Tests 80-88) 1957 Scott J Horowitz Philadelphia PA, PhD/Captain USAF/astronaut (STS 75, 82) 1959 Renaldo Nehemiah US, hurdler (110 meter at 12.93)/NFLer (San Francisco 49ers) 1960 Kelly LeBrock New York NY, actress (Weird Science, Woman in Red) 1961 Dean Jones cricketer (dashing Australian batsman & fielder 1984-92) 1961 James T Gallagher Jr Johnstown PA, PGA golfer (1990 Greater Milwaukee) 1962 Penny Hammel Decatur IL, LPGA golfer (Jamie Farr Toledo-1985, 89) 1962 Star Jones attorney/TV hostess (NBC, Inside Edition) 1963 Raimond van der Gouw Dutch soccer goalie (Vitesse, Manchester) 1963 Sammy Giammatva Houston TX, tennis star 1964 Hans Schwaier West Germany, tennis star 1965 Angela Zuckerman St Louis MO, speed skater (Olympics-1994) 1965 Ben Torriero WLAF running back (Scottish Claymores) 1965 Jeff Reese Brantford, NHL goalie (Tampa Bay Lightning) 1965 Marian Vajda Czechoslovakia, tennis star 1966 Penny Toler WNBA guard (Los Angeles Sparks) 1966 Tatjana Patitz Hamburg German Federal Republic, model/actress (Rising Sun) 1967 Kathy Rinaldi-Stunkel Florida, tennis player (Virginia Slims of Arkansas 1987) 1967 Richard Gillam Atlanta GA, pairs skater (& Erin Moorad) 1969 Yoko Zetterlund San Francisco CA, volleyball setter (Olympics-bronze-92, 96) 1970 Lara Flynn Boyle Davenport IA, actress (The Practice, The Temp, Twin Peaks) 1970 Marques Bragg NBA forward (Minnesota Timberwolves) 1970 Mike Vanderjagt CFL kicker (Toronto Argonauts) 1970 Shannon Lemora Baton Rouge LA, 1.5k runner 1973 Atle Larsen WLAF kicker (Rhein Fire) 1973 Chip McCaw Chicago IL, volleyball setter (Olympics-96) 1973 David Moravec hockey forward (Team Czechoslovakia Olympics-gold-1998) 1973 Josh Lakatos Pasadena CA, trap shooter (Olympics-silver-1996) 1973 Philippe Boucher St Apollinaire CA, NHL defense (Los Angeles Kings, Olympics-G-98) 1974 Terry Killens linebacker (Tennessee Oilers) 1975 Debbie Keller Winfield IL, soccer forward (Olympics-96) 1975 Julia Bikbova Kiev Ukraine, dance skater (& John Lee) 1976 Danielle Garrett Camp Hill PA, soccer forward (Olympics-96) 1977 Olivia Burnette San Clemente CA, actress (Torkelsons) 1980 Luke Edwards Nevada City CA, actor (Newsie) )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
Deaths which occurred on March 24:
0809 Harun al-Rashid caliph of the Abbasid empire (786-809), dies at 44 1400 Florens Radewijns Dutch priest/leader Modern Devotion, dies 1455 Nicholas V [Tommaso Parentucelli] Italian Pope (1447-55), dies at 57 1455 Rudolf van Diepholt bishop/cardinal of Utrecht (1448-55), dies 1471 Sir Thomas Malory author (Le Morte d'Arthur), dies at 55 1558 Anna van Buren countess of Egmond/Buren/Lingen, dies 1603 Elizabeth I Tudor [Maiden Queen] UK queen (1558-1603), dies at 69 1631 Philipp Dulichius composer, dies at 68 1635 Jacques Callot French cartoonist/engraver, dies at about 42 1644 Cecilia Renata arch duchess of Austria, dies 1654 Samuel Scheidt German composer (Concertus sacri), dies at 66 1661 William Leddra last Quaker, hanged in Boston 1755 Theodor Christleib Reinhold composer, dies at 72 1823 Cornelis van Foreest Dutch mayor (Alkmaar), dies at 66 1825 Giovanni Domenico Perotti composer, dies at 64 1838 Thomas Attwood composer, dies at 72 1842 Stendhal [Marie-H Beyle] French writer (The Love), buried at 59 1866 Maria Amalia of Bourbon-Sicily, wife of Louis Filips of Austria, dies 1877 Walter Bagehot English economist/critic/banker, dies at 51 1878 Albin Masek composer, dies at 73 1881 Friedrich Hecker German revolutionary republic politician, dies at 69 1882 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow US poet (Song of Hiawatha), dies at 75 1894 Robert Prescott Stewart composer, dies at 68 1899 Billy Barnes cricketer (725 runs in 21 Tests for England), dies 1905 Jules Verne sci-fi author (Around the World in 80 Days), dies at 77 1909 John Millington Synge Irish dramatist/playwright/poet, dies at 37 1911 Matthew Stanley Robison president (Cardinals), dies 1916 Enrique y Campina Granados Sp opera composer (Goyescas), drowns at 48 1918 Theophile Ysaye composer, dies at 53 1921 Deodat de Severac composer, dies at 48 1932 George Robert Canning cricketer (the 4th Lord Harris), dies 1937 Léopold Courouble Belgian writer (Pauline Flatbread), dies at 76 1945 J S Nicklin Lieutenant-Colonel/Canada's 1st parachutist, dies 1945 Thomas Rennie General-Major (Dutch command 51st Highland Division), dies 1946 Alexander A Aljechin world chess champion (1927-35, 37-46), dies at 53 1946 Gustaf Heintze composer, dies at 66 1953 Felix M Abel French dominican/biblical scholar, dies at 74 1953 Mary [Victoria of Teck] queen of Great Britain/North-Ireland, dies at 86 1953 Queen Mary of Britain dies 1960 Paul Joostens Flemish painter, dies at 70 1962 Auguste Picard Swiss explorer, dies at 78 1964 Peter Lorre Hungarian/US actor (Maltese Falcon, Raven), dies at 59 1967 Marc Lavry composer, dies at 63 1968 Howard Petrie actor (Border River, Bounty Hunter), dies at 61 1968 Lauwrens Voorthuyzen Dutch sect leader, dies at 70 1969 Joseph Kasavubu President of Congo (1960-65), dies at about 55 1974 Doris Deane dies at 74 1974 Yoshida Isoya Japanese architect (modern sukiya style), dies at 79 1975 Muriel Hutchinson actor (Another Thin Man), dies at 60 1975 Oscar Rasbach composer, dies at 86 1976 Bernard L Montgomery British General, defeated Rommel, dies at 88 1976 Nelson Case TV host (Trash or Treasure), dies at 66 1977 Saburo Moroi composer, dies at 73 1978 Brackett Hamilton Leigh [Douglass], author (Ginger Star), dies at 62 1979 Yvonne Mitchell writer, dies at 53 1980 Archbishop Oscar Romero assassinated while conducting mass in San Salvador 1982 Ace Goodman Kansas City MO, comedian (Easy Aces), dies at 83 1984 Sam Jaffe actor (Dr Zorba-Ben Casey), dies of cancer at 93 1986 Sarah Cunningham actress (Nurse Andrews-Trapper John MD), dies at 67 1990 Alice Sapritch actress (European Vacation), dies 1990 An Wang computer manufacturer (Wang), dies at 70 from cancer 1990 Ray Goulding comedian (Bob & Ray), dies from kidney failure at 68 1990 Rene Enriquez actor (Hill St Blues), dies from pancreatic cancer at 56 1993 Erik Andriesse Dutch painter (skulls, skeletons), dies at 35 1993 John Hersey Pulitzer prize author (Hiroshima), dies at 78 1993 Peter Roovers Dutch sculptor/teacher (war monuments), dies at 90 1993 Taylor Reed actor (Easy Money), dies of heart attack at 60 1994 Edith Porada art historian/archaeologist, dies at 81 1994 Luis Donaldo Colosio Mexican politician, assassinated 1994 Tommy Benford jazz drummer, dies at 88 1995 Anthony Standerwick Heal businessman, dies at 88 1995 Joey Long blues/cajun guitarist, dies at 62 1995 Trevor Oswald Ling religious Studies Professor, dies at 75 1996 Maria Lucia Beltran Alcayaga singer, dies at 66
BB-39 USS ARIZONA- 03-24-2006
1765 Parliament passes the Quartering Act
On this day in 1765, Parliament passes the Quartering Act, outlining the locations and conditions in which British soldiers are to find room and board in the American colonies.
The Quartering Act of 1765 required the colonies to house British soldiers in “barracks provided by the colonies.” If the barracks were too small to house all the soldiers, then localities were to accommodate the soldiers in local “inns, livery stables, ale houses, victualling houses, and the houses of sellers of wine.” Should there still be soldiers without accommodation after all such “publick houses” were filled, the colonies were then required “to take, hire and make fit for the reception of his Majesty’s forces, such and so many uninhabited houses, outhouses, barns, or other buildings as shall be necessary.”
As the language of the act makes clear, the popular image of Redcoats tossing colonists from their bedchambers in order to move in themselves was not the intent of the law; neither was it the practice. However, the New York colonial assembly disliked being commanded to provide quarter for British troops--they preferred to be asked and then to give their consent, if they were going to have soldiers in their midst at all. Thus, they refused to comply with the law, and in 1767, Parliament passed the New York Restraining Act. The Restraining Act prohibited the royal governor of New York from signing any further legislation until the assembly complied with the Quartering Act.
In New York, the governor managed to convince Parliament that the assembly had complied. In Massachusetts, where barracks already existed on an island from which soldiers had no hope of keeping the peace in a city riled by the Townshend Revenue Acts, British officers followed the Quartering Act’s injunction to quarter their soldiers in public places, not in private homes. Within these constraints, their only option was to pitch tents on Boston Common. The soldiers, living cheek by jowl with riled Patriots, were soon involved in street brawls and then the Boston Massacre of 1770, during which not only five rock-throwing colonial rioters were killed but any residual trust between Bostonians and the resident Redcoats. That breach would never be healed in the New England port city, and the British soldiers stayed in Boston until George Washington drove them out with the Continental Army in 1776. ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
1862 Wendall Phillips booed in Cincinnati
Abolitionist orator Wendall Phillips is booed while attempting to give a lecture in Cincinnati, Ohio. The angry crowd was opposed to fighting for the freedom of slaves, as Phillips advocated. He was pelted with rocks and eggs before friends whisked him away while a small riot broke out.
Phillips was perhaps the most outspoken abolitionist of the era. Born in Boston to a wealthy New England family, Phillips was educated at Harvard and practiced law until he became swept up in the anti-slave crusade in the 1830s. The abolitionist movement was a major cause of the rising tension between North and South in the 1830s. Abolitionists denounced slavery as a sin, and they framed the debate over slavery as a moral issue rather than an economic or political one. Called the "golden trumpet" of the movement, Phillips' shrill denunciation of slavery won many converts to the abolitionist cause and attracted many other northerners to moderate anti-slave positions.
When the war began, Phillips and other abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison exerted pressure on the Lincoln administration to make the destruction of slavery the primary objective of the war. For the first year and half, President Lincoln insisted that the Union's war goal was reunion of the states. He did this in order to keep the border states of Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware from seceding. Not until the Emancipation Proclamation of September 1862 would the stated purpose of the war shift.
The incident in Cincinnati demonstrated the fierce resistance that existed in the northern states to the proposition of fighting a war to free the slaves. The most outspoken resisters lived in the "Butternut" region--the southern parts of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. Called "Butternuts" because their homespun clothing was died a light brown from nut extracts, residents of the region did not own slaves but they shared many sentiments with Southerners. Lincoln encountered serious resistance from this area when he announced his Emancipation Proclamation. )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
1918 German forces cross the Somme River
On March 24, 1918, German forces cross the Somme River, achieving their first goal of the major spring offensive begun three days earlier on the Western Front.
Operation “Michael,” engineered by the German chief of the general staff, Erich von Ludendorff, aimed to decisively break through the Allied lines on the Western Front and destroy the British and French forces. The offensive began on the morning of March 21, 1918, with an aggressive bombardment.
The brunt of the attack that followed was directed at the British 5th Army, commanded by General Sir Hubert Gough, stationed along the Somme River in northwestern France. This section was the most poorly defended of any spot on the British lines, due to the fact that it had been held by the French until only a few weeks before and its defensive positions were not yet fully fortified. Panic spread up and down the British lines of command, intensified by communications failures between Gough and his subordinates in the field, and German gains increased over the subsequent days of battle. On March 23, Crown Prince Rupprecht, on the German side of the line, remarked that “The progress of our offensive is so quick, that one cannot follow it with a pen.”
The next day, German troops stormed across the Somme, having previously captured its bridges before French troops could destroy them. Despite having resolved to concentrate on weaker points of the enemy lines, Ludendorff continued to throw his armies against the crucial villages of Amiens (a railway junction) and Arras—which the British and French were instructed to hold at all costs—hoping to break through and push on towards Paris. By that time, German troops were exhausted, and transportation and supply lines had begun to break down in the cold and bad weather. Meanwhile, Allied forces had recovered from the initial disadvantage and had begun to gain the upper hand, halting the Germans at Moreuil Wood on March 30.
On April 5, Ludendorff called off Operation “Michael.” It had yielded nearly 40 miles of territory, the greatest gains for either side on the Western Front since 1914. He would launch four more offensive pushes over the course of the spring and summer, throwing all of the German army’s resources into this last, desperate attempt to win the war. )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
1944 Wingate dies in Burma
On this day, Maj. Gen. Orde Wingate, leader of the 77th Indian Brigade, also called the Chindits, dies in a transport plane crash. He was 41 years old.
Wingate, a graduate of the Royal Military Academy, was a famous eccentric who both quoted the Bible and advocated irregular warfare tactics. His career as a guerrilla fighter began as he organized Jewish underground patrols to beat back Arab raids in British-controlled Palestine in the 1930s. In 1941, Wingate led a mixed Ethiopian and Sudanese force in retaking Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, from the Italians, who had invaded in 1935.
Upon the beginning of Japan's China-Burma campaign, Wingate was sent to India to employ his experience as a guerrilla fighter and organize what became known as the Chindits--a brigade of specially trained Gurkha (Nepalese), Burmese, and British troops. The Chindits were composed of two units of Long Range Penetration Groups, each made up of men-and mules. Wingate and his brigade entered Japanese-controlled Burma from the west, crossed the Chindwin River, and proceeded with sabotage activity: sneakily penetrating Japanese-held territory, attacking supply lines, and cutting communications. Once in the field, the Chindits were cut off from other units and could be supplied only by airdrops.
One of the most effective Chindit attacks was against the Mandalay-Myitkina railway, when they blew up three bridges while also beating back Japanese troops determined to stop the demolitions. The Chindits continued to wreak havoc--at one point killing 100 Japanese soldiers while suffering only one loss themselves--until a lack of supplies and troublesome terrain forced them back to India.
On the night of March 24, Wingate boarded a transport plane at the Broadway Base in Burma, destined for India. The pilot had complained earlier about the performance of one of the plane's twin engines, but after Wingate talked with the aircrew, a decision was made to take off. The plane never made it to India. The crash was so violent that virtually none of Wingate's remains were found.
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill eulogized Wingate before the House of Commons that August: "There was a man of genius who might well have become also a man of destiny. He has gone, but his spirit lives on in the long range penetration groups, and has underlain all these intricate and daring air operations and military operations based on air transport and on air supply." )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
1965 First teach-in conducted
The first "teach-in" is conducted at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor; two hundred faculty members participate by holding special anti-war seminars. Regular classes were canceled, and rallies and speeches dominated for 12 hours. On March 26, there was a similar teach-in at Columbia University in New York City; this form of protest eventually spread to many colleges and universities. ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
1975 North Vietnamese launch "Ho Chi Minh Campaign"
The North Vietnamese "Ho Chi Minh Campaign" begins. Despite the 1973 Paris Peace Accords cease fire, the fighting had continued between South Vietnamese forces and the North Vietnamese troops in South Vietnam. In December 1974, the North Vietnamese launched a major attack against the lightly defended province of Phuoc Long, located north of Saigon along the Cambodian border. They successfully overran the provincial capital at Phuoc Binh on January 6, 1975.
President Richard Nixon had repeatedly promised South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu that the United States would come to the aid of South Vietnam if the North Vietnamese committed a major violation of the Peace Accords. However, by the time the communists had taken Phuoc Long, Nixon had resigned from office and his successor, Gerald Ford, was unable to convince a hostile Congress to make good on Nixon's promises to Saigon.
The North Vietnamese, emboldened by the situation, launched Campaign 275 in March 1975 to take the provincial capital of Ban Me Thuot in the Central Highlands. The South Vietnamese defenders fought very poorly and were quickly overwhelmed by the North Vietnamese attackers. Once again, the United States did nothing. President Thieu, however, ordered his forces in the Highlands to withdraw to more defensible positions to the south. What started out as a reasonably orderly withdrawal degenerated into a panic that spread throughout the South Vietnamese armed forces. They abandoned Pleiku and Kontum in the Highlands with very little fighting and the North Vietnamese pressed the attack from the west and north. In quick succession, Quang Tri, Hue, and Da Nang in the north fell to the communist onslaught. The North Vietnamese continued to attack south along the coast, defeating the South Vietnamese forces one at a time.
As the North Vietnamese forces closed on the approaches to Saigon, the Politburo in Hanoi issued an order to Gen. Van Tien Dung to launch the "Ho Chi Minh Campaign," the final assault on Saigon itself. By April 27, the North Vietnamese had completely encircled Saigon and by April 30, the North Vietnamese tanks broke through the gates of the Presidential Palace in Saigon and the Vietnam War came to an end.
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