30 January 2006

On This Day in History......

1077 Pope Gregory VII pardons German emperor Henry IV
1349 Jews of Freilsburg Germany are massacred
1349 Günther of Schwarzburg chosen German anti-king
1467 Battle at Velke Kostolany Hung king Mátyás Corvinus beats Bratríci
1487 Bell chimes invented
1522 Duke of Albany takes captured French back to Scotland
1544 Adrian van Goes becomes land advocate of Holland
1592 Ippolito Aldobrandini elected Pope Clement VIII
1647 Scots agree to sell King Charles I to English Parliament for £400,
1648 Spain & Netherlands sign Peace of Münster, ending Tachtigjarige War
1667 Treaty of Andrussovo Russia & Poland sign peace treaty
1713 England & Netherlands sign 2nd anti-French boundary treaty
1774 Captain Cook reaches 71º 10' S, 1820 km from S pole (record)
1781 Articles of Confederation ratified by 13th state, Maryland
1790 Lifeboat 1st tested at sea, by Mr Greathead, the inventor
1797 Congress refuses to accept 1st petitions from American blacks
1798 Representative Matthew Lyon (Vermont) spits in face of Representative Roger Griswold (Connecticut) in US House of Representatives, after an argument
1800 US population 5,308,483; Black population 1,002,037 (18.9%)
1804 Mungo Park leaves England seeking source of Niger River
1806 Prussia takes possession of Hanover
1815 Burned Library of Congress reestablished with Jefferson's 6500 volumes
1818 Keats composes his sonnet, "When I Have Fears"
1820 Edward Bransfield aboard Williams discovers Antarctica (UK claim)
1835 Richard Lawrence misfires at President Andrew Jackson in Washington DC
1847 Yerba Buena renamed San Francisco
1853 Emperor Napoleon III marries Eugénie Maria de Montijo y de Guzman
1854 1st election in Washington Territory; 1,682 votes cast
1858 Charles Hallé founds Hallé Orchestra in Manchester
1858 William Wells Brown published 1st Black drama, "Leap to Freedom"
1862 US Navy's 1st ironclad warship (Monitor) launched
1877 Storm flood ravages Dutch coastal provinces
1879 French President MacMahon resigns
1883 England team presented with ashes of a bail after Sydney Test
1888 Harry Moses 297 not out for New South Wales against Victoria
1889 John Herschel uses camera obscura to photograph 48" (120cm) telescope
1889 Victoria beat New South Wales after following on (New South Wales all out 63 needed 76)
1892 Bobby Abel carries his bat for 132* for England in SCG Test
1892 Captain Lugard occupies Uganda's King Mwanga's hide out
1894 Pneumatic hammer patented by Charles King of Detroit
1894 US flag fired on in Rio; prompt satisfaction exacted by Admiral Benham
1895 C J Eady (Tasmania) 1st Australian to score twin centuries (vs Victoria)
1895 SS Elbe sinks after collision in North Sea, 332 killed
1895 Tasmania beat Victoria for 1st F-C victory in 41 years
1911 1st rescue of an air passenger by a ship, near Havana, Cuba
1913 House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill
1915 German submarine attack on Le Havre
1915 No 10 batsman F W Hyett scores century on debut, Victoria vs Tasmania
1917 1st jazz record recorded (Dark Town Strutters Ball)
1919 Reds hire Pat Moran as manager as Christy Mathewson, is still in France with US Army
1920 Québec's Joe Malone sets NHL record of 7 goals in a game
1921 French rapist-murderer Henri-Désiré Landru sentenced to death
1922 World Law Day, 1st celebrated
1922 Ted McDonald takes 8-58 in big Victorian win over New South Wales
1924 Ponsford scores second 110 of the game in Victoria win over New South Wales
1925 Turkish government throws out Constantine VI of Constantinople
1927 Left wins national election in Thüringen
1928 1st radio telephone connection between Netherlands & US
1928 Bradman scores 134 not out (225 minutes, 13 fours) New South Wales vs Victoria
1928 Eugene O'Neill's "Strange Interlude" premieres in New York City NY
1930 Vladimir Mayakovsky's "Banya" premieres in Leningrad
1931 Charlie Chaplin's "City Lights" premieres at Los Angeles Theater
1932 Grimmett 7-116 in South Africa 1st innings at Adelaide Oval
1933 "The Lone Ranger" premieres on ABC radio
1933 German President von Hindenburg appoints Hitler chancellor, Hitler forms government with Von Papen
1933 Grimmett takes 7-86 for South Africa in Queensland 2nd inn, 13-135 for match
1934 1st theatrical presentation sponsored by the US government, New York City NY
1934 Bert Ironmonger ends Sheffield Shield career age 51 years 298 days
1934 Hitler proclamation on German unified states
1935 Ezra Pound meets Mussolini, reads from a draft of "Cantos"
1936 Fans asked to pick a new name for Boston Braves; they choose "The Bees" it doesn't catch on & is scrapped by 1940 season
1936 Victoria need 442 to win against New South Wales, but lose, all out for 415
1937 2nd of Stalin's purge trials; Pyatakov & 16 others sentenced to death
1939 Hitler calls for the extermination of Jews
1939 Heavy after shocks destroy some of Chile
1940 Benjamin Britten's "Lesson Illuminations" premieres in London
1940 Cor Jongert wins 6th Dutch 11 Cities Skating Race
1940 Hassett's second 122 of the game for Victoria can't stop a New South Wales win
1941 Australian troops conquer Derna Libya
1942 Japanese troops land on Ambon
1943 6 British Mosquito's daylight bomb Berlin
1943 German assault on French in Tunisia
1943 German under officers shot down in Haarlem Netherlands
1943 Hitler promotes Friedrich von Paul to General - field marshal
1943 Illegal opposition newspaper Loyal begins publishing
1943 USS Chicago sinks in Pacific Ocean
1944 US invades Majuro, Marshall Islands
1945 German ship "Wilhelm Gustloff" torpedoed off Danzig by Soviet sub-c 7,700 die
1946 1st issue of Franklin Roosevelt dime
1948 5th Winter Olympic games open in St Moritz, Switzerland
1950 "Robert Montgomery Presents" dramatic anthology premieres on NBC TV
1951 Belgium refuses to allow communists to make speeches on radio
1952 Lehmer verifies 2^521-1 & 2^607-1 (183 ciphers) Mersenne-prime #
1952 Paul Creston's 4th Symphony, premieres
1954 Belgium ends trade agreement with USSR
1954 Italy's Fanfani government resigns
1956 Martin Luther King Jr's home bombed
1956 Elvis Presley records his version of "Blue Suede Shoes"
1956 KRMA TV channel 6 in Denver CO (PBS) begins broadcasting
1956 KTXS TV channel 12 in Sweetwater-Abilene TX (ABC) begins broadcasting
1957 US Congress accepts "Eisenhower-doctrine"
1958 1st 2-way moving sidewalk in service, Dallas TX
1958 House of Lords passes bill allowing women in
1958 Baseball announces players & coaches rather than fans pick all stars
1958 Dore Schary's "Sunrise at Campobello" premieres in New York City NY
1959 Australia 1-200 1st day 4th Test vs England, Adelaide Oval
1959 Paul Hindemith's symphony "Pittsburgh" premieres
1960 CIA oks Lockheed to produce a new U-2 aircraft (Oxcart)
1960 Dutch communist trade union EVC'58 disbands
1960 Riot curtails third day's play at Port-Of-Spain West Indies vs England
1960 US female Figure Skating championship won by Carol Heiss
1960 US male Figure Skating championship won by David Jenkins
1961 Bobby Darin is youngest performer to headline a TV special on NBC
1961 JFK asks for an Alliance for Progress & Peace Corps
1961 KAET TV channel 8 in Phoenix AZ (PBS) begins broadcasting
1961 Lance Gibbs takes hat-trick (Mackay, Grout, Misson) at Adelaide
1962 UN General Assembly censures Portugal (because of Angola)
1962 2 members of Flying Wallendas' high-wire act killed when their 7-person pyramid collapsed during a performance in Detroit
1962 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1964 Ranger 6 launched; makes perfect flight to Moon, but cameras fail
1964 Military coup of General Nguyen Khanh in South Vietnam
1965 "The Name Game" by Shirley Ellis hits #3
1965 State funeral of Winston Churchill
1966 -19ºF (-28ºC), Corinth MS (state record)
1966 -27ºF (-33ºC), New Market AL (state record)
1966 Ard Schenk skates world record 1500m (2 05.2)
1966 Dmitri Shostakovich completes his 11th string quartet
1968 Bobby Goldsboro records his biggest hit, "Honey"
1968 Vietcong launch Tet-offensive on US embassy in Saigon
1969 Beatles perform their last gig together, a 42-minute free concert on the roof of Apple HQs
1969 US/Canada ISIS 1 launched to study ionosphere
1971 "Ari" closes at Mark Hellinger Theater New York City NY after 19 performances
1971 Dennis Lillee takes 5-84 in his 1st Test bowl, vs England
1971 UCLA starts 88 basketball game win streak
1972 Pakistan withdraws from the Commonwealth
1972 Bloody Sunday British soldiers shoot on catholics in Londonderry, 13 die
1973 Jury finds Watergate defendants Liddy & McCord guilty on all counts
1973 26th NHL All-Star Game East beat West 5-4 at New York Rangers
1973 KISS plays their 1st show (Coventry Club in Queens NY)
1974 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakstan/Semipalatinsk USSR
1976 1st-class debut of Dav Whatmore, in Johannesburg
1976 George Bush becomes 11th director of CIA (until 1977)
1976 William E Colby, ends term as 10th director of CIA
1977 8th (final) part of "Roots" is most-watched entertainment show ever
1977 Allan Border scores 36 in his 1st-class innings (New South Wales vs Queesland)
1977 Edward W Stack replaces Paul Kerr president of Hall of Fame
1978 Addie Joss & Larry MacPhail elected to Baseball Hall of Fame
1978 Mutual Broadcasting Network begins airing Larry King Show on radio
1979 Rhodesia agrees to new constitution
1980 Edward Albee's "Lady from Dubuque" premieres in New York City NY
1981 8th American Music Award Kenny Rogers wins
1982 US female Figure Skating championship won by Rosalynn Sumners
1983 Hilbert van Thumb becomes European skating champ
1983 Pat Bradley wins LPGA Mazda of Deer Creek Golf Classic
1983 Super Bowl XVII Washington Redskins beat Miami Dolphins, 27-17 in Pasadena; Super Bowl MVP John Riggins, Washington, Running Back
1988 Hansie Cronje gets a pair in 2nd 1st-class game (OFS vs N Tvl)
1989 Joel Steinberg found guilty of 1st degree manslaughter of daughter
1989 Olympian, Bruce Kimball, is sentenced to 17 years in prison for killing 2 teenagers in a drunk driving accident
1989 16th American Music Award Randy Travis & George Michael win
1989 5 pharoah sculptures from 1470 BC found at temple of Luxor
1989 Last day of 1st class cricket for Dav Whatmore
1991 Battle for Khafji in Saudi Arabia (2nd day)
1992 Space Shuttle STS-42 (Discovery 15) lands
1993 100,000n Europeans demonstrate against fascism & racism
1993 67th Australian Open Women's Tennis Monica Seles beat Graf (46 63 62)
1994 68th Australian Open Women's Tennis Steffi Graf beats Arantxa Sanchez Vicario (60 62)
1994 82nd Australian Open Men's Tennis Pete Sampras beats Todd Martin (76 64 64)
1994 Dan Jansen skates world record 500m (35.76)
1994 Kapil Dev equals Richard Hadlee's world record of 431 Test wickets
1994 Super Bowl XXVIII Dallas Cowboys beat Buffalo Bills, 30-13 in Atlanta; Super Bowl MVP Emmitt Smith, Dallas, Running Back
1995 22nd American Music Award Boyz II Men & Ace of Base win
1995 Belgium's TV channel 2 in Flanders goes on the air
1995 Car bomb explodes in Algiers, 42 killed/296 injured
1995 Kevin Eubanks officially becomes band leader of "Tonight Show"
1997 Minuteman III launches
1998 All-Star Florida Marlin catcher Darren Daulton, retires
1998 Howard Stern Radio Show premieres in Indianapolis IN on WNAP 93.1 FM
1998 Paul Simon's "The Capeman" premieres
2000 NFL Pro Bowl
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Missing in Action......

1973 DUENSING JAMES ALLYN LOS ALTOS CA
1973 HAVILAND ROY ELBERT NEW YORK NY

Births which occurred on January 30:

1563 Franciscus Gomarus [François Gomaer], Dutch theologist/opera singer
1566 Alessandro Piccinini composer
1609 Wenzel E Fürst von Lobkowitz Austrian chancellor (-1674)
1616 William Sancroft Archbishop (Canterbury)
1624 Arnold Geulincx South Netherlands, philosopher (About Virtue)
1628 George Villiers 2nd duke of Buckingham England
1647 Konrad Hoffler composer
1687 [Johann] Balthasar Neumann German architect, baptized
1694 Joseph Joachim Benedict Munster composer
1697 Johann Joachim Quantz German royal flautist/composer
1708 Georg D Ehret German/English cartoonist
1710 Vigilio Blasio Faitello composer
1719 Magnus G Lichtwer German writer (Äsopischer Fabeln)
1724 Ignaz Franz Xaver Kurzinger composer
1752 Joseph Matthias Kracher composer
1756 Josef Preindl composer
1760 Franz Xaver Partsch composer
1775 Walter Savage Landor Warwick England, critic/writer (Imaginary Conversation)
1781 Adelbert von Chamisso writer
1789 George Augustus Kollmann composer
1797 Edwin Vose Sumner Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1863
1814 Jean-Baptist Capronnier French/Belgian glass painter
1816 Nathaniel Prentiss Banks Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1894
1822 John Basil Turchin [Ivan Turchinoff], Brigadier General (Union volunteers)
1829 Alfred Cummings Georgia, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1910
1834 Lord Avebury [John Lubbock], British banker/politician
1835 Oliver Edwards Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1904
1841 Alfred Townsend George Civil War journalist, died in 1914
1844 Moritz F Freiherr von Bissing German General/Governor-General of Belgium (1914-17)
1846 Francis H Bradley British philosopher (neo-idealism)
1853 Leland Hone cricketer (England keeper 1879 without county experience)
1861 Charles Martin Tornow Loeffler Mulhouse Alsace, composer
1862 Walter Johannes Damrosch composer
1865 Samuel Pl'h Naber Dutch rear-Admiral/librarian
1866 Gelett Burgess author (Purple Cow)
1871 Seymour Hicks St Helier Jersey, actor-manager (Scrooge)
1871 Wilfred Lucas actor (Pardon Us, Chump at Oxford)
1873 Rose Melville actress (Sis)
1882 Franklin Delano Roosevelt New Hyde Park NY, 32nd President (D) (1933-1945)
1885 John Henry Towers aviator/naval hero
1892 Charles Trowbridge Haubiel composer
1892 Grigore Gafencu Roman minister of Foreign affairs (1938-39)
1894 Boris III tsar of Bulgaria (1918-43)
1894 Marcel Canneel Flemish painter (Reuzenstoet)
1898 Alfred Schläppi Switzerland, 4 man bobsled (Olympics-gold-1924)
1899 Max Theiler English/US microbiologist (Nobel 1951)
19-- Randy Brooks Bronx, actor (Rituals, Renegades, Brothers & Sisters)
1900 Isaak Iosifovich Dunayevsky composer
1900 Martita Hunt Argentina, actress (Man in Grey, Becket)
1900 Sandy Powell Rotherham England, costume designer (Rob Roy)
1901 Earl of Huntingdon mural painter
1901 H E Nossak writer
1902 Sir Nikolaus Pevsner England, art historian (The Buildings of England)
1902 Elise Cavanna actress (Pharmacist, Dentist, Barber Shop)
1903 G Evelyn Hutchinson British zoologist (Treatise on Limnology)
1906 Greta Nissen actress (Ambassador Bill)
1909 Saul David Alinsky Chicago IL, radical writer (John L Lewis)
1909 Mihaly Hajou composer
1909 Richard Hearne Norwich England, actor (Capt Horatio Hornblower)
1910 Frans Dohmen union leader (Dutch Catholic Mineworker's Union)
1911 Hugh Marlowe Philadelphia PA, actor (Ellery Queen)
1911 Roy Eldridge Pittsburgh PA, jazz trumpeter (Gene Krupa, Artie Shaw)
1911 Alexander George Ogston biochemist
1912 Barbara Tuchman US, historian/author (Pulitzer, Guns of August)
1912 Jadwiga Wajsowna-Marcinkiewicz discus thrower (Olympics-bronze-1932)
1913 Dicky Fuller cricketer (one Test West Indies vs England 1935, 1, 0-12)
1913 Percy Thrower English radio host
1914 David Wayne Traverse City MI, actor (Andromeda Strain, Adams Rib)
1914 John Ireland Vancouver BC, actor (Rawhide, Gunfight at OK Corral)
1914 Louis Osman artist architect goldsmith medallist/craftsman
1915 Dorothy Dell actor (Little Miss Marker, Wharf Angel)
1915 John D Profumo England, politician ©
1915 Pierre Wissmer Swiss composer/theory (Capitaine Bruno)
1918 David Opatoshu New York City NY, actor (Bonino, Secret Empire, Masada)
1918 Jarl André Bjerke [Bernhard Borge], Norwegian poet/writer
1919 Robert Suter composer
1920 George Skibine Russian/US dancer/choreographer (Tragedy in Verona)
1920 Patrick Heron abstract painter
1921 Bernie Leighton West Haven CT, orchestra leader (Chance of a Lifetime)
1922 Dick Martin Detroit MI, actor/comedian (Laugh-In, Carbon Copy)
1922 Pal Jardanyi composer
1924 Shirley Chisholm (Representative-D-NY)
1924 Margaret Beda Nicholson author (No Medals for the Major)
1925 Dorothy Malone Chicago IL, actress (At Gunpoint, Night & Day, Peyton Place)
1926 Ruth Brown Portsmouth VA, actress (Leona-Hello Larry, Checking In)
1927 Olof Palme Stockholm, PM of Sweden (1969-76, 1982-86) assassinated
1928 Andrew Salkey author editor/broadcaster
1928 Harold Prince US producer/director (West Side Story, Evita, Phantom of Opera)
1928 Mitch Leigh composer
1929 Hugh Tayfield cricketer (celebrated South African off-spinner 1949-60)
1929 Viscount Long
1930 Magnus Adem Malan South African minister of Defense (1980- )
1931 Gene Hackman California, actor (Bonnie & Clyde, Under Fire, Superman)
1931 Jack Bowman Chief Constable (Tayside)
1931 Shirley Hazzard Australian author (Transit of Venus)
1931 Stewart B McKinney (Representative-R-CT, 1971- )
1932 Kazuo Inamori Japanese business executive (Kyocera Ceramics Co)
1933 Louis Rukeyser financial whiz (Wall Street Week, Channel 13)
1933 Richard Dufallo Chicago IL, clarinetist/conductor
1933 Bob Muddimer CEO (Ranks Hovis McDougall)
1934 Tammy Grimes Lynn MA, actress (Can't Stop the Music)
1935 John George Hughes bishop of Kensington
1935 Martin Taylor former vice-chairman, Hanson
1935 Richard Brautigan Tacoma WA, novelist/poet (Trout Fishing...)
1937 Boris Spassky USSR, world chess champion (1969-72)
1937 Vanessa Redgrave London, actress (Blow-Up, Julia, Orient Express)
1938 Marcel P A van Dam Dutch politician/CEO (VARA Radio/TV)
1938 Marlies van Alcmaer [Smal], Dutch actress/director (Bridge too Far)
1939 Eleanor Smeal feminist/president (NOW)
1939 Frank R Wolf (Representative-R-VA, 1981- )
1939 Nick Gaselee racehorse trainer
1940 David Johnson composer
1941 Dick Cheney (Representative-R-WY/George Bush's secretary of defense 1989-93/Vice President 2001- )
1941 Joe Terranoua rocker (Danny & The Juniors)
1942 Marty Balin Cincinnati OH, singer (Jefferson Starship-Miracles)
1942 Andres [Dries Holten], Dutch singer (Sandra & Andres)
1942 Christopher Howes Crown Estate Second Commissioner
1942 Dave Brown cricketer (Warwicks pace bowler, played 26X for England)
1942 Heidi Brühl German actress/singer (Mädels vom Immenhof)
1943 Davy Johnson baseball manager (New York Mets)
1943 Sandy Deane rocker
1944 John Thornton English chocolate factory/multi-millionaire
1944 Lord Westwood
1944 Lynn Harrell New York City NY, cellist
1945 Michael Dorris writer
1945 Robert Wittinger composer
1946 Lord Mackay of Drumadoon British QC
1947 Steve Marriott rock guitarist/vocalist (Humble Pie-Eat It, Faces)
1947 Martin Christoph Redel composer
1948 Earl of Huntingdon
1948 Nicholas Broomfield director/editor (Dark Obsession, Heidi Fleiss)
1949 William King Alabama, soul trumpeteer (Commodores-Easy)
1950 Bruce Howard Lidington actor (Sword of Valiant, Mosses)
1950 Ralph Wilcox Milwaukee WI, actor (Big Eddie, Busting Loose)
1950 Silvia Bertolaccini LPGA golfer
1951 Marv Ross rocker (Quarterflash)
1951 Bobby Stokes footballer
1951 Charles S Dutton Baltimore MD, actor (Alien 3, Crocodile Dundee 2, Roc)
1951 Clifford Leon Anderson rocker (Cure)
1951 Phil Collins England, singer/drummer (Genesis-Against All Odds)
1951 Trevor Laughlin cricketer (Australian all-rounder 1978-79)
1954 Alides Hidding singer/guitarist (Time Bandits)
1955 Curtis Strange Norfolk VA, PGA golfer (1989 US Open)
1955 Judith Tarr US, sci-fi author (Isle of Glass, Ars Magica)
1955 Michael Thompson guitarist (Afterburn, Fresh, Sahara, Gridlock'd)
1957 William Payne Stewart Springfield MO, PGA golfer (1983 Walt Disney)
1958 Brett Butler Montgomery AL, comedienne (Grace-Grace Under Fire)
1958 Rob van Zandvoort Dutch rock vocalist/keyboardist (Jack of Hearts)
1959 Jody Watley Chicago IL, dancer (Solid Gold)/singer (Looking For a New Love)
1960 Tony O'Dell Pasadena CA, actor (Alan Pinkard-Head of the Class)
1961 Ranjit Madurasinghe cricketer (3 Tests for Sri Lanka 1988-92)
1964 Cheryl Akemi Toma Pearl City HI, Miss Hawaii-America (1990)
1965 Julie McCullough Honolulu HI, playmate (Feb 86)/actress (Growing Pains)
1966 Daphne Ashbrook Long Beach CA, actress (Liz-Our Family Honor)
1966 Danielle Goyette ice hockey forward (Canada, Olympics-98)
1967 Bill Leverty Richmond VA, guitarist (Firehouse-Love of a Lifetime)
1968 Bob Nardella hockey defenseman (Team Italy 1998)
1968 Felipe de Borbon Prince of Asturias, heir to Spanish throne
1970 Edwin de Kruyf/Kruijff soccer player (FC Utrecht, FC Groningen)
1970 Hans Spark soccer player (RKC)
1970 Oleg Khmyl NHL defenseman (Belarus, Olympics-98)
1970 Scott Levins Spokane, NHL right wing (Ottawa Senators)
1971 Brent Moss WLAF running back (Amsterdam Admirals)
1971 Chris Slade NFL outside linebacker (New England Patriots)
1971 Derek Allen NFL/WLAF offensive linebacker (New York Giants, Rhein Fire)
1971 Kevin Knox WLAF receiver (Rhein Fire)
1971 Kimo Von Oelhoffen NFL defensive tackle (Cincinnati Bengals)
1971 Milko Pieren Dutch soccer player (Sparta)
1971 Quentin Neujahr NFL center (Baltimore Ravens, Cleveland Browns)
1971 Takeshi Yamanaka hockey defenseman (Team Japan 1998)
1971 Trent Klatt Robbinsdale, NHL right wing (Philadelphia Flyers)
1972 Burt Thornton CFL receiver (Hamilton Tiger Cats)
1972 Chris Simon Wawa, NHL left wing (Colorado Avalanche)
1972 Jill McGill Denver CO, LPGA golfer (1995 British Open-2nd)
1973 Brad Yamaoka CFL running back (BC Lions)
1973 Holly Noelle Roehl Miss Indiana-USA (1996)
1973 Jalen Rose NBA guard (Indiana Pacers)
1973 Jimmy Oliver NFL wide receiver (San Diego Chargers)
1973 Sharone Wright NBA center/forward (Toronto Raptors)
1974 Christian Bale Wales, actor (Empire of the Sun, Little Women)
1974 Martina Jerant Windsor Ontario, basketball center (Olympics-96)
1974 Robert Rollins cricketer (big-hitting Essex wicketkeeper-batsman)
1976 Florian Keller Munchen Germany, hockey player (Team Germany, Rosenheim)
1978 Lnd Girchoukevitch NHL goaltender (Belarus, Olympics-98)
1979 Diva Zappa daughter of Frank
1979 Karen Smith Australian field hockey midfielder/halfback (Olympics-96)
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Deaths which occurred on January 30:

1156 Herman van Horn bishop of Utrecht (1151/52-56), dies
1384 Louis van Male count of Flanders/Nevers/Réthel, dies
1393 Aimery Poitiers French nobleman, burned at royal ball
1393 Yvain son of Earl of Foix, burned at royal ball
1584 Jonker Wigbold van Ewsum mister of Nienoord, dies in battle
1584 Pieter Jansz Pourbus Flemish painter, dies
1644 William Chillingworth English theologian, Cambridge Platonist, dies
1649 Charles I King of Great Britain (1625-49), beheaded for treason
1730 Peter II Alekseyevitch emperor of Russia (1727-30), dies at 14
1774 Frantisek Ignac Antonin Tuma composer, dies at 69
1774 Jean-Pierre Guignon composer, dies at 71
1797 Johann Abraham Sixt composer, dies at 40
1816 Reinier Vinkeles Dutch engraver/cartoonist/art collector, dies at 74
1827 Johann Philipp Christian Schulz composer, dies at 53
1838 Osceola chief of Seminole Indians, dies in jail
1860 Francesco Antonio Norberto Pinto composer, dies at 44
1881 Jaak Nikolaas Lemmens Flemish composer, dies at 58
1888 Asa Gray US botanist (Flora of North America), dies at 77
1890 Karl Merz composer, dies at 53
1897 John Cottam cricket (Test for Australia 1897, no Sheffield matches), dies
1900 Vittorio Bersezio [Carlo Nugelli], Italian playwright, dies at 71
1925 Jakab Gyula Major composer, dies at 66
1925 John F Mellaerts Flemish social founder (Boerenbond), dies at 79
1927 Friedrich Ernst Koch composer, dies at 64
1928 Douglas Haig British field marshal (Sudan/Boer war/WWI), dies at 66
1942 Vasily Pavovlich Kalafati composer, dies at 72
1945 Gottlieb J Haberlandt Hungarian/German botanist, dies at 90
1945 William Busch composer, dies at 43
1947 Frederick F Blackman English botanist, dies at 80
1948 Mahatma Gandhi India spiritual and political leader, assassinated by Hindu extremists in New Delhi, at age 78
1948 Herb Pennock pitcher (New York Yankees)/GM (Phillies), dies
1948 Orville Wright US aviation pioneer, dies at 76
1951 Ferdinand Porsche German car inventor (Porsche), dies at 75
1953 Louis H N Bosch van Rosenthal Dutch resistance fighter, dies at 68
1956 Jane Seymour actress (Young Mr Bobbin), dies at 56
1956 Gerrit Mannoury mathematician/philosopher, dies at 88
1957 Grigore Gafencu Romanian minister of Foreign Affairs (1938-39), dies at 65
1958 Earnest H Heinkel German airplane builder (WWII), dies at 70
1963 Francis Poulenc French composer (Litanies à la Vierge Noire), dies at 74
1963 P F "Plum" Warner cricketer (England manager during Bodyline tour), dies
1964 Berthold Altaner German church historian, dies at 80
1965 Vic Jackson cricketer (New South Wales/Leicerstershire off-spinner), dies in car
1967 Lee Morgan actor (Dungeons of Harrow, Last Rebel), dies
1968 Tsugouharu T Foujita Japanese/French painter, dies at 81
1969 Allan Welsh Dulles US diplomat/director (CIA 1953-61), dies at 75
1969 Dominique G Pire clergyman, (Europe village Nobel 1958), dies at 58
1970 Malcolm Keen English actor (Uncle Chris-Mama), dies at 82
1972 Karel Boleslav Jirak composer, dies at 81
1973 Jack McGowan actor (On Our Selection), dies at 54
1974 Bill Whitty cricketer (37 wickets vs South Africa 1910-11 series), dies
1975 Boris Blacher German composer (Purloined Letter), dies at 72
1976 Jesse "Lone Cat" Fuller San Francisco Blues Great, dies at 80
1976 Mance Lipscomb rocker, dies at 80
1976 Percy Tyson "Plum" Lewis cricketer (pair in only Test for South Africa), dies
1980 Lil Dagover actress (Destiny, Spiders), dies at 82
1980 Professor Longhair king of New Orleans music, dies at 61
1982 Félix L V L J Labisse French painter (libidoscaphes), dies at 76
1982 Lightning Hopkins rocker, dies of cancer at 69
1982 Riccardo Nielsen composer, dies at 73
1982 Stanley Holloway comedian (My Fair Lady, Our Man Higgins), dies at 91
1983 Joan Valerie actress (Pier 13), dies of pneumonia
1983 [Dallas] Mack/McCord Reynolds sci-fi author (Earth War), dies at 65
1985 Ken Mayers actor (Robbie Robertson-Space Patrol), dies at 67
1986 Ticker Freeman pianist (Dinah Shore Show), dies at 74
1987 Angelo Rutherford actor (Willie-Gentle Ben), dies at 32
1987 Ken Drake actor (Crime & Punishment USA), dies
1988 Cornelia D "Corry" Spark Dutch cabaret performer, dies at 85
1991 John McIntire actor (Virginian, Psycho), dies of emphysema at 83
1993 Taikichiro Mori Japanese real estate developer, dies at 88
1994 Bahjat Talhouni PM of Jordan (1960-62, 64-65, 67-69, 69-70), dies
1994 Byron "Wild Child" Gipson blues Singer, dies at 64
1994 Ernestine "Tiny" Davis jazz vocalist/trumpeter, dies at 86
1994 Jan L N Schaefer Dutch undersecretary of Housing (PvdA), dies at 53
1995 George H Poyser English soccer player (Manchester City), dies at 84
1995 George Richard James saxophonist, dies at 88
1995 Gerald M Durrell British zoologist/author (Mockery Bird), dies at 70
1996 Bob Thiele record producer, dies at 73
1996 Guy Doleman actor (Deadly Bees, Idol, Thunderball), dies at 72
1998 Ricky Sanderson stabbed 16-year old girl in NC, executed at 38

1816 Nathaniel Banks born

Union General Nathaniel Banks is born in Waltham, Massachusetts. Banks was a "political general"--he had few military skills, but as an anti-slave Republican from Massachusetts, he helped the Lincoln administration maintain support in that region.

Banks was born to a cotton mill worker and never attended college. Nonetheless, he studied law, languages, and oratory, and became a lawyer by the late 1830s. He served in the state legislature, and was Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives. In 1853, Banks was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. From 1857 to 1860, Banks served as governor of Massachusetts. He was considered a popular and effective governor.

When the war began, Banks was commissioned as a general despite his complete lack of military experience. This was typical during the war. There were simply not enough qualified men to fill the positions, and the Lincoln administration had to make appointments with, in part, political motives in mind. Banks commanded an army in the Shenandoah Valley during Confederate General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's campaign there in 1862. He suffered two serious defeats to Jackson at Front Royal and Winchester, and his army lost so many supplies that the Confederates began calling him "Commissary Banks." In August, Banks commanded a corps at the Battle of Cedar Mountain. He again found himself pitted against Jackson, and again lost to him. Banks was forced to retreat to Washington.

Banks was then sent to New Orleans to command the Department of the Gulf. In 1863, Banks managed to capture Port Hudson, a key Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River. His victory was difficult and came with a high price in casualties, but it was the general's first victory of the war. In 1864, Banks commanded the Red River Campaign in northern Louisiana, which turned into a complete Union disaster. He did not command troops in the field again. Banks also managed the reconstruction of Louisiana during the war, and his record in doing so was also suspect. He used the state's antebellum constitution to govern and simply deleted references to slavery, which did little to promote the rights of freed slaves. In fact, Banks actually forced many black "vagrants" back to work on plantations.

After the war, Banks served two more stints in Congress and also spent time as a U.S. Marshall. He was serving in Congress when he died in 1894.
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1933 Adolf Hitler is named chancellor of Germany

On this day in 1933, President Paul von Hindenburg names Adolf Hitler, leader or führer of the National Socialist German Workers Party (or Nazi Party), as chancellor of Germany.

The year 1932 had seen Hitler’s meteoric rise to prominence in Germany, spurred largely by the German people’s frustration with dismal economic conditions and the still-festering wounds inflicted by defeat in the Great War and the harsh peace terms of the Versailles treaty. A charismatic speaker, Hitler channeled popular discontent with the post-war Weimar government into support for his fledgling Nazi party. In an election held in July 1932, the Nazis won 230 governmental seats; together with the Communists, the next largest party, they made up over half of the Reichstag.

Hindenburg, intimidated by Hitler’s growing popularity and the thuggish nature of his cadre of supporters, the SA (or Brownshirts), initially refused to make him chancellor. Instead, he appointed General Kurt von Schleicher, who attempted to steal Hitler’s thunder by negotiating with a dissident Nazi faction led by Gregor Strasser. At the next round of elections in November, the Nazis lost ground—but the Communists gained it, a paradoxical effect of Schleicher’s efforts that made right-wing forces in Germany even more determined to get Hitler into power. In a series of complicated negotiations, ex-Chancellor Franz von Papen, backed by prominent German businessmen and the conservative German National People’s Party (DNVP), convinced Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as chancellor, with the understanding that von Papen as vice-chancellor and other non-Nazis in key government positions would contain and temper Hitler’s more brutal tendencies.

Hitler’s emergence as chancellor on January 30, 1933, marked a crucial turning point for Germany and, ultimately, for the world. His plan, embraced by much of the German population, was to do away with politics and make Germany a powerful, unified one-party state. He began immediately, ordering a rapid expansion of the state police, the Gestapo, and putting Hermann Goering in charge of a new security force, composed entirely of Nazis and dedicated to stamping out whatever opposition to his party might arise. From that moment on, Nazi Germany was off and running, and there was little Hindenburg or von Papen—or anyone—could do to stop it.
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1943 RAF launches massive daytime raid on Berlin

On this day, the British Royal Air Force begins a bombing campaign on the German capital that coincides with the 10th anniversary of Hitler's accession to power.

The Casablanca Conference, held from January 14 to 23, saw Prime Minister Winston Churchill, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the Combined Chiefs of Staff meet in Morocco to discuss future war strategy following on the success of the North African invasion, which heralded the defeat of Vichy forces. One of the resolutions of the conference was to launch a combined and sustained strategic bombing effort against the Germans. Strategic bombing was the policy of using bombers to destroy an enemy's warmaking capacity, also referred to as "area bombing." Churchill described it as an "absolutely devastating, exterminating attack by very heavy bombers...upon the Nazi homeland."

To celebrate the anniversary of Hitler's 1933 appointment to the office of chancellor by then-President Paul von Hindenburg, both propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels and head of the Luftwaffe Hermann Goering planned to give radio addresses to the German masses. Goebbels intended to bolster morale by hailing an impending victory in Russia: "A thousand years hence, every German will speak with awe of Stalingrad and remember that it was there that Germany put the seal on her victory." As the speeches were broadcast, RAF fighters rained bombs on Berlin, the beginning of devastating attacks on German cities that would last until the very end of the war. To make matters even worse for the Germans, the next day a massive surrender of German troops occurred at Stalingrad.
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1968 President Johnson requests additional funds

In his annual budget message, President Lyndon B. Johnson asks for $26.3 billion to continue the war in Vietnam, and announces an increase in taxes. The war was becoming very expensive, both in terms of lives and national treasure. Johnson had been given a glowing report on progress in the war from Gen. William Westmoreland, senior U.S. commander in South Vietnam. Westmoreland stated in a speech before the National Press Club that, "We have reached an important point when the end begins to come into view. I am absolutely certain that, whereas in 1965 the enemy was winning, today he is certainly losing. The enemy's hopes are bankrupt."

The day after Johnson's budget speech, the communists launched a massive attack across the length and breadth of South Vietnam. This action, the Tet Offensive, proved to be a critical turning point for the United States in Vietnam. In the end, the offensive resulted in a crushing military defeat for the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese, but the size and scope of the communist attacks caught the American and South Vietnamese allies by surprise. The heavy U.S. and South Vietnamese casualties incurred during the offensive, coupled with the disillusionment over the administration's earlier overly optimistic reports of progress in the war, accelerated the growing disenchantment with the president's conduct of the war. Johnson, frustrated with his inability to reach a solution in Vietnam, announced on March 31, 1968, that he would neither seek nor accept the nomination of his party for re-election.
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1974 Fighting continues in South Vietnam

The fighting continues in South Vietnam despite the cease-fire that was initiated on January 28, 1973, under the provisions of the Paris Peace Accords.

This latest fighting was part of the ongoing battles that followed the brief lull of the cease-fire. The Peace Accords had left an estimated 145,000 North Vietnamese troops in South Vietnam when the cease-fire went into effect. Renewed fighting broke out after the cease-fire as both sides jockeyed for control of territory throughout South Vietnam. Each side held that military operations were justified by the other side's violations of the cease-fire, resulting in an almost endless chain of retaliations.

During the period between the initiation of the cease-fire and the end of 1973, there were an average of 2,980 combat incidents per month in South Vietnam. Most of these were low-intensity harassing attacks designed to wear down the South Vietnamese forces, but the North Vietnamese intensified their efforts in the Central Highlands in September when they attacked government positions with tanks west of Pleiku. As a result of these post-cease-fire actions, approximately 25,000 South Vietnamese were killed in battle in 1973, while communist losses in South Vietnam were estimated at 45,000.