0239 -BC- 1st recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet 0804 Liudger becomes 1st bishop of Münster 0988 Boudouin IV with the Beard becomes earl of Flanders 1282 Furious inhabitants of Palermo attack French occupation force 1422 Ketsugan, Zen teacher, performs exorcisms to free aizoji temple 1456 Prince Louis of Bourbon elected bishop of Liege 1474 Duke Sigismund van Tirol ends contacts with Switzerland 1492 King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella sign decree expelling Jews from Spain 1533 Henry VIII divorces his 1st wife, Catherine of Aragon 1533 Thomas Cranmer becomes archbishop of Canterbury 1603 Battle at Mellifont: English army under Lord Mountjoy beats Irish 1778 Playwright Voltaire crowned with laurel wreath 1814 Britain & allies march into Paris after defeating Napoleon 1822 Congress combined East & West Florida into Florida Territory 1842 Ether was used as an anaesthetic for 1st time by Dr Crawford Long (Jefferson GA) 1856 Russia signs Peace of Paris, ending the Crimean War 1858 Pencil with attached eraser patented (Hyman L Lipman of Philadelphia) 1863 Danish prince Wilhelm Georg of Sleeswÿk-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg chosen as king George of Greece 1864 Skirmish at Mount Elba AR 1865 Battle at 5 Forks Virginia 1866 Bedrich Smetana's "Verkaufte Braut" (Sold Bride), premieres 1867 US purchases Alaska from Russia for $7,200,000 (2¢ an acre-Seward's Folly) 1870 15th Amendment passes, guarantees right to vote regardless of race 1870 Texas becomes last confederate state readmitted to Union 1889 John T Reid opens 1st US golf course (Yonkers NY) 1893 Thomas F Bayard becomes 1st US ambassador in Great Britain 1895 British inventor Birt Acres films Oxford-Cambridge 1900 Dutch 2nd Chamber accepts Compulsory education law 1909 Queensboro Bridge opens, linking Manhattan & Queens 1911 Lötschberg tunnel in Switzerland (13,735 meter) completed 1912 French protectorate in Morocco established 1916 Stanley Cup: Montréal Canadiens (NHA) beat Portland Rosebuds (PCHA), 3 games to 2 1918 Stanley Cup: Toronto Arenas (NHL) beat Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA), 3 games to 2 1919 Belgian Army occupies Düsseldorf 1919 Gandhi announces resistance against Rowlatt Act 1919 Paul Claudel's "Tête d'Or" premieres in Paris France 1922 KGY-AM in Olympia WA begins radio transmissions 1922 WWL-AM in New Orleans LA begins radio transmissions 1923 Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, formed at Howard University in 1920, incorporates 1925 Stalin supports rights of non-Serbian Yugoslavians 1925 Stanley Cup: Victoria Cougars (WCHL) beat Montréal Maroons (NHL), 3 games to 1 1930 Babberich-H soccer team forms 1932 Amelia Earhart is 1st woman to fly solo cross the Atlantic 1935 Newfoundland changes time to 3½ hours W of Greenwich, repeats 44 seconds 1940 2nd NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: Indiana University beats Kansas 60-42 1941 German counter offensive in North-Africa 1942 1st RSHA-transport from France arrives in camp Birkenau 1942 SS murders 200 inmates of Trawniki labor camp 1943 5th NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: University of Wyoming beat Georgetown 46-34 1943 British 1st army recaptures Sejenane 1944 781 British bombers attack Neurenberg 1945 289 anti-fascists murdered by Nazis in Rombergpark Dortmund 1945 USSR invades Austria during WWII 1946 "St Louis Woman" opens at Martin Beck Theater NYC for 113 performances 1946 Australia beats New Zealand in cricket at 3 30pm on 2nd day 1946 Last Test Cricket appearance of Bill O'Reilly (5-14 & 3-19) 1950 Phototransistor invention announced, Murray Hill NJ 1952 6th Tony Awards: Fourposter & King & I win 1952 Patty Berg wins LPGA New Orleans Women's Golf Open 1953 Einstein announces revised unified field theory 1954 Test Cricket debut of Garry Sobers vs England at Kingston 1955 27th Academy Awards: "On the Waterfront", Marlon Brando & Grace Kelly win 1956 USSR performs nuclear test 1957 1st performance of Walter Piston's 4th Symphony 1959 WNED TV channel 17 in Buffalo NY (PBS) begins broadcasting 1961 NASA civilian pilot Joseph A Walker takes X-15 169,600' (51,690 meter) 1963 France performs underground nuclear test at Ecker Algeria 1964 Astronaut John Glenn withdraws from Ohio senate race 1966 Barbra Streisand stars on "Color Me Barbra" special on CBS 1967 Cover picture of Beatles' "Sergeant Pepper" is photographed 1968 General Ludvik Svoboda elected President of Czechoslovakia 1969 Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA Port Malabar Golf Invitational 1970 Miles Davis Bitches Brew released 1970 Soap opera "Somerset" premieres 1970 Strouse, Adams, Comden & Green's musical "Applause" premieres at Palace Theater NYC for 900 performances 1970 USSR wins its 8th straight world hockey championship 1972 "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum" opens at Lunt-Fontanne NYC for 156 performances 1972 North Vietnamese troops enter South Vietnam 1972 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site 1973 Ellsworth Bunker resigns as US ambassador to South Vietnam 1975 Ron Lalonde scores the 1st hat trick by a Washington Capital 1976 Israel kills 6 Palestinians protesting land confiscation 1978 "History of the American Film" opens at ANTA Theater NYC for 21 performances 1980 Mark Medoff's "Children of a Lesser God" premieres in New York NY 1980 Nancy Lopez wins LPGA Women's Kemper Golf Open 1981 43rd NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: Indiana beats North Carolina 63-50 1981 President Reagan shot & wounded by John W Hinckley Jr 1982 3rd space shuttle mission-Columbia 3 lands at White Sands NM 1982 John Pielmeier's "Agnes of God" premieres in New York NY 1983 Ray Cooney's "Run for your Wives" premieres in London 1983 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk USSR 1984 US ends participation in multinational Lebanon peace force 1986 "Tango Argentino" closes at Mark Hellinger Theater NYC after 198 performances 1986 5th NCAA Women Basketball Championship: Texas beats Southern California 97-81 1987 59th Academy Awards: "Platoon", Paul Newman & Marlee Matlin win 1987 Vincent van Gogh's "Sunflowers" sells for record £22.5M ($39.7 million) 1988 2nd Soul Train Music Awards 1988 Tamil Nadu beat Railways by inns & 144 to win Ranji Trophy 1990 Jack Nicklaus made his debut in the "Seniors" golf tournament 1991 "Speed of Darkness" closes at Belasco Theater NYC after 36 performances 1991 1st exhibition baseball games at Joe Robbie Stadium (Yankees-Orioles) 1991 44th NCAA Ice Hockey Chanmpionship: Northern Michigan beats Boston University 8-7; Northern Michigan's 1st NCAA hockey title 1991 Last issue of Dutch Newspaper "Vrÿe Folk" (Free People) 1991 PBA National Championship Won by Mike Miller 1991 William Kennedy Smith allegedly rapes a woman 1991 William Kennedy Smith allegedly rapes a woman (found not guilty) 1992 64th Academy Awards (Silent of the Lambs sweeps with Best Picture, Anthony Hopkins as Best Actor and Jodie Foster as Best Actress) 1992 CBS TV premieres overnight news program "Up To The Minute" 1992 Man accidentally backs into A's Jose Canseco's $225,000 Lamborghini 1992 PJ Patterson, resigns as 6th Prime Minister of Jamaica 1992 WNSR-FM (105.1) changes callsign to WMXV-FM (New York NY) 1993 French government of Balladur forms 1993 Jamaican premier Percival Patterson wins parliamentary election 1993 Lanford Wilson's "Redwood Curtain" premieres at Brooks Atkinson Theater NYC for 40 performances 1993 New South Wales beat Queensland by eight wickets to win Sheffield Shield 1993 Punjab beat Maharashtra by 120 runs to win Cricket's Ranji Trophy 1994 ABC Masters Tournament won by Hobo Boothe 1994 Bombay beat Bengal by 8 wickets to win Cricket's Ranji Trophy 1994 England Cricket all out for 46 at Port-of-Spain 1995 "Arcadia" opens at Vivian Beaumont Theater NYC for 204 performances 1996 Lara hits 146 cricket not out in ODI vs New Zealand at Port-Of-Spain 1996 New York Mets beats New York Yankees 5-3 in an exhibition game 1996 Prince Edward & girl-friend Sophie Rhys-Jones visited Greystoke Castle 1997 16th NCAA Women's Basketball Championship: Tennessee beats Old Dominion 68-59 1997 26th Nabisco Dinah Shore Golf Championship won by Betsy King 1997 Southwestern Bell Dominion Senior Golf 1997 Steve Elkington wins Golf's Players Championship 1998 60th NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: at Alamodome San Antonio, Kentucky beats Utah 78-69 ______________________________________________________________________
Missing In Action......
1968 CICHON WALTER A. FARMINGDALE NJ 11/02/73 POSS CAPTURED 1969 LATIMER CLARENCE A. DUE WEST SC 1972 CROSBY BRUCE A. JR. SPRINGVILLE NY 1972 FINCH MELVIN W. FORT BELVIOR VA DIED QUANG BINH SEP 72 REMAINS RECOVERED 08/14/85 1972 WESTCOTT GARY P. POMONA CA 1975 HOSKINS THOMAS B. 10/75 LEFT SAIGON 1975 JUDSON LORENZO D. 05/76 LEFT SAIGON 1975 KOWLES ALEXANDER G. 10/75 LEFT SAIGON 1975 TABOR JOHN 10/75 LEFT SAIGON
BB-39 USS ARIZONA- 03-31-2006
Births which occurred on March 30:
1135 Maimonides [Moses Ben Maimon] Còrodoba Spain, philosopher/physician 1222 Nichiren Japan, Buddhist priest/saint 1432 Mehmed II [Fâtih] Sultan of Turkey (1451-81) 1672 Peter I "the Great" Romanov great tsar of Russia (1682-1725) 1674 Jethro Tull agricultural writer (Basildon), baptised 1681 Pieter Snyers Flemish painter/engraver 1687 Johann Balthasar Freisslich composer 1697 John-Baptist Xavery Flemish sculptor 1719 Sir John Hawkins England, wrote 1st history of music 1727 Tommaso Traetta Italy's opera composer/band leader (Farnace) 1746 Francisco Jose de Goya Fuendetodos Spain, painter/etcher (Naked Maja) 1750 John Stafford Smith composer 1772 Johann Wilhelm Wilms composer 1790 Joseph Smith Rear Admiral (Union Navy), died in 1877 1804 Salomon Sulzer composer 1805 Adrien de La Fage composer 1811 Angelo Catelani Italian composer/conductor 1815 Wincenty Studzinski composer 1823 Joseph Farmer Knipe Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1901 1824 Innis Newton Palmer Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) 1825 Samuel Bell Maxey Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1895 1830 Auguste Tolbecque composer 1830 Julius F A Bahnsen German philosopher 1835 Bernhard Scholz composer 1836 Karl Freiherr von Stumm-Halberg German industrialist/politician 1842 John Fiske [Edmund Fisk Green] US historian/philosopher 1844 Paul M Verlaine France, lyric poet (Sagesse Bonbeur) 1853 Vincent van Gogh Zundert Netherlands, artist who always lent an ear (Irises) 1864 Franz Oppenheimer German sociologist/politician 1865 Heinrich Rubens German physicist 1872 Sergey Nikiforovich Vasilenko composer 1876 Clifford Whittingham Beers US, mental hygiene pioneer 1880 Sean O'Casey Ireland, playwright (Playboy of the Western World) 1882 Melanie Klein Austrian/British psycho analysis 1883 Jo Davidson US, sculptor (Woodrow Wilson, Walt Whitman) 1886 Stanislaw Lesniewski Poland, logician/mathematician 1887 Albert P Termote Flemish/Dutch sculptor (Charles the Great) 1888 Anna Q Nilsson Ystad Sweden, actress (Shenandoah, Uncle Tom's Cabin) 1891 Jan B Cammans Flemish actor (Brothers Karamazov) 1892 Erwin Panofsky German/US art historian 1894 Sergei Ilyushin Russian airplane builder (Ilyushin) 1895 Jean Giono French writer (World Chant) 1898 Heinz Risse writer 1898 Joyce Carey London England, actress (Black Windmill) 1899 Irving Thalberg US producer (MGM) 19-- Steve Summers rocker (Pretty Boy Floyd-Rock & Roll) 1903 Countee Cullen US poet (Color, Ballad of the Brown Girl) 1903 Sol C Siegel US, producer (High Society, Gentlemen prefer blondes) 1904 Akarova [Marguerite Acarin], Belgian dancer (Les Biches) 1905 Mikio Oda Japan, triple jumper (Olympics-gold-1928) 1908 Camille Schmit composer 1908 Kurt Bruggemann composer 1908 Leslie O'Brien "Chuck" Fleetwood-Smith Chinese cricket bowler 1909 Ernst Gombrich OM/FBA/director (Warburg Institute) 1911 Dennis Gomm musician 1912 Andrew Rodger Waterson scholar/naturalist 1912 Jack Cowie cricketer (successful New Zealand fast bowler either side of WWII) 1913 Frankie Laine [Frank Paul LoVecchio] Chicago IL, singer (Hey, Good Lookin', That's My Desire)/ actor (Frankie Laine Show, Rawhide) 1913 Gottfried Reinhardt theatre producer 1913 Richard Helms CIA head (1966-73) 1914 Sonny Boy Williamson [John Lee] blues musician (Down & Out Blues) 1917 Els Aarne composer 1917 Herbert Anderson actor (Henry-Dennis The Menace) 1917 Rudolf Bruci composer 1918 John Gray FRS/marine biologist 1918 Joseph Allen Jr Boston MA, actor (Death of a Champion) 1919 McGeorge Bundy Boston MA, national security adviser under JFK 1919 Ramsay Ames actress (G-Men Never Forget, Ali Baba & 40 Thieves) 1920 Turhan Bey Vienna Austria, actor (Dragon Seed, Ali Baba & 40 Thieves) 1921 Countess of Sutherland English great land owner/multi-millionaire 1921 Kan Ishii composer 1921 Oto Ferenczy composer 1922 German Germanovich Galinin composer 1922 J F Coates naval architect 1922 Peter Jona Korn composer 1923 Herbert Asmodi writer 1924 Milko Kelemen composer 1925 Ivo Malek composer 1925 John Wells MP 1926 John Heddle Nash singer 1926 Lord Rayner 1926 Ray McAnally Buncrana County Donegal Ireland, actor (My Left Foot, Empire State, Sicilian) 1926 Werner Torkanowsky Berlin Germany, conductor (New Orleans Symphony) 1927 Lord Armstrong of Ilminster 1927 Wally Grout cricketer (great Aussie wicket-keeper) 1928 Diether de la Motte composer 1928 Richard Trant British General 1928 Tom Sharpe English historian/author (Riotous Assembly, Want) 1929 Richard Dysart Brighton MA, actor (Leland MacKenzie-LA Law) 1929 Shirley Stoler Brooklyn NY, actress (Frankenhooker, 7 Beauties) 1930 Browne-Wilkinson lord 1930 David Staple joint president (Council of Churches for Britain & Ireland) 1930 John Astin Baltimore MD, actor (I'm Dickens He's Fenster, Gomez-Addams Family) 1930 Peter Marshall [Pierre LaCock] Huntington Long Island NY, TV game show host (Hollywood Squares) 1930 Rolf Harris Bassendean Western Australia, Australian/British cartoonist/singer (Tie Me Kangaroo Down Sport)/actor (The Little Convict) 1931 Aleksey Vasilyevich Sorokin Russian cosmonaut 1931 Harold Burrage US singer/pianist (Hi Yo Silver) 1931 Sandor Szokolay composer 1932 A J Zuckerman Dean (Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine) 1933 Jean-Claude Brialy Aumale Algeria, actor (Circle of Love, Cousins) 1934 Lord Tanlaw 1935 Alan Jackson CEO (BTR) 1935 Gordon Mumma composer 1935 John Charles Eaton composer 1936 Mark Burns British director (Juggernaut) 1936 Richard Baker Santa Fe NM, Zen teacher (Dharma Sangha) 1937 J S Jennings CEO (Shell Transport & Trading Co) 1937 Jay W Macintosh Gainesville GA, actress (Sons & Daughters) 1937 Lord MacLaurin of Knebworth 1937 Warren Beatty Richmond VA, actor (Bonnie & Clyde,Shampoo, Dick Tracy) 1938 Martin Dunne Lord-Lieutenant (Warwickshire) 1940 Astrud Gilberto Brazil, singer (Girl From Ipanema) 1940 Jerry Lucas Middletown OH, NBA center (New York Knicks, NBA rookie of year 1964, Olympics-gold-60) 1940 Norman Gifford cricketer (respected England slow left-armer 1964-73) 1941 Brendan O'Friel CEO (Prison Governors Association) 1941 Robert C Smith (Representative-Republican-NH, 1985- ) 1941 Ron Johnston Vice-Chancellor (Essex University) 1941 Sven Hamrin Sweden, road race cycler (Olympics-bronze-1964) 1942 George Esson Chief Constable (Dumfries & Galloway) 1942 Graeme Edge Rochester Staffordshire England, rock drummer (Moody Blues-Nights in White Satin, Your Wildest Dreams) 1943 Bob Blewett cricketer (father of Greg South Australia batsman 1975-79) 1944 Gerrit Komrij Dutch poet/essayist (Happy Schizo) 1945 Eric Clapton [Eric Patrick Clapp] Ripley England, legendary guitarist/singer (Yardbirds, Cream, Tears in Heaven) 1948 Dave Ball rocker (Procul Harum) 1948 Jim Dandy Mangrum vocalist (Black Oak Arkansas-Jim Dandy) 1948 Justin Deas Connellsville PA, actor (Buzz-Guiding Light, Dream Lover, As the World Turns, Santa Barbara) 1948 M A King FBA, economist 1948 Nigel Jones British MP 1949 Leslie Joan Corn theatre producer/director/writer 1949 Sue Cook British broadcaster 1950 Dave McCurdy (Representative-Democrat-OK, 1981- ) 1950 Eugene Bowen composer (Wonder's Edge) 1950 Joseph Cali New York NY, actor (Nick-Today's FBI) 1950 Rupert Greenall rock keyboardist (Fixx) 1951 John Gosden racehorse trainer 1955 Randy Van Warmer Indian Hills CO, vocalist (Just When I Needed You Most) 1957 Elena V Kondakova Moscow Russia, cosmonaut (STS 84) 1957 Paul Reiser New York NY, actor (My 2 Dads, Diner, Aliens, Mad About You) 1957 Yelena Vladimirovna Kondakova Russian cosmonaut (Soyuz TM 20, STS 84) 1958 Joseph Paul Sindelar Fort Knox KY, PGA golfer (British Columbia Open-1985, 87) 1959 Daniel Seifried Kitchener Ontario, Canadia Tour golfer (1981 Thunder Bay) 1960 William D Johnson US alpine skier 1962 M C Hammer [Stanley Kirk Burrell] Oakland CA, rapper (U Can't Touch This) 1963 Jenny Lidback Lima Peru, LPGA golfer (1995 du Maurier Ltd Classic) 1963 Lomas Brown NFL tackle (Detroit Lions, Arizona Cardinals) 1964 Corey Millen Cloquet MN, NHL center (Calgary Flames) 1964 Dave Ellett Cleveland OH, NHL defenseman (Toronto Maple Leafs) 1964 Tracy Chapman US singer/songwriter (Freedom Now, I Got a Fast Car) 1965 Karel Novacek Prostejov Czechoslovakia, tennis star (1994 Hilversum) 1965 Piers Morgan editor (Daily Mirror) 1967 Ian Ziering West Orange NJ, actor (Steve Sanders-Beverly Hills 90210) 1967 Julie Richardson Auckland New Zealand, tennis star (1992 Futures-Canberra) 1968 Celine Dion Québec Canada, singer (I'm Your Woman) 1968 Donna D'Errico Dothan AL, playmate (September 1995)/actress (Baywatch) 1969 Marco Foddis pop drummer (Pestilence) 1969 Mark Astley Calgary, NHL defenseman (Buffalo Sabres) 1970 George Coghill WLAF safety (Scottish Claymores) 1970 Mark Consuelos Zaragosa Spain, actor (Mateo Santos-All My Children) 1970 Secreteriat race horse, triple crown (1973) 1970 Shane Bertsch Denver CO, Nike golfer (1994 Permina Basin Open-14th) 1971 Mari Holden Milwaukee WI, cyclist (Olympics-96) 1972 Brenden Stai NFL guard (Pittsburgh Steelers) 1972 Matt Joyce NFL/WLAF guard/tackle (Cardinals, Seahawks, Claymores) 1972 Peggy Zlotkowski Miss France-Universe (1989) 1973 [Kirk] Kareem Streete-Thompson Ithaca NY, 100 meter/long jumper 1973 Caroline Ramagos Miss Mississippi-USA (1996) 1973 Melinda Penn Miss British Virgin Islands-Universe (1997) 1973 Rodney Thomas running back (Tennessee Oilers) 1974 Martin Love cricketer (high scoring Queensland batsman, Australia 1995) 1976 Chris Canty cornerback (New England Patriots) 1976 Toby Gowin punter (Dallas Cowboys) 1978 Wendy Christina Roberts Miss South Carolina Teen-USA (1996) 1980 Liriel Higa Los Angeles CA, rhythmic gymnast (Olympics-96) 1983 ? California condor chick, San Diego CA, 1st born in captivity hatches __________________________________________________________________
Deaths which occurred on March 30:
0988 Arnulf II count of Flanders (965-988), dies 1202 Joachim Van Fiore Italian religious founder (Joachimism), dies 1547 François I of Valois-Angoulême King of France (1515-47), dies at 52 1707 Sébastien le Prestre Vauban French fortress architect, dies at 73 1757 Johann Wenzel Anton Stamitz composer, dies at 39 1764 Pietro Antonio Locatelli Italian violinist/composer, dies at 68 1840 George (Beau) Brummell Dandy, dies 1864 Louis Alexander Balthasar Schindelmeisser composer, dies 52 1871 W F A A Louisa/Lovisa queen of Sweden/Norway, dies at 42 1872 Nicolaos Mantzaros composer, dies at 76 1873 Benedict Augustin Morel psychologist (dementia praecox), dies at 63 1875 Marie Moke Pleyel composer, dies at 63 1879 David van der Kellen Dutch coin engraver, dies at 74 1879 Thomas Couture French painter/author, dies at 63 1884 Hans Hampel composer, dies at 61 1906 Betsy Perk [Christina E], journalist/writer/feminist, dies at 73 1910 Jean Moréas [Y Papadiamantopoulos], Greek/French poet, dies at 53 1912 Karl May German writer (Winnetou/Kara Ben Nemsi), dies at 70 1925 Rudolf Steiner Austrian philosopher (anthroposophy), dies at 64 1926 Feliks E Dzerzjinski Lithuanian organizer (KGB), dies at 48 1935 Romanos Hovakimi Melik'yan composer, dies at 51 1942 Alfred Coville French historian (Lesson premier Valois), dies at 81 1945 Karel Moor composer, dies at 71 1946 John S S P V Gort viscount of Limerick/Hamsterley, dies at 59 1948 Mahatma Gandhi assassinated in New Delhi 1949 Dattaram Dharmaji Hindlekar cricketer (4 Tests for India), dies 1949 Friedrich C R Bergius chemist (brown coal, Nobel 1931), dies at 64 1950 Léon Blum French premier (People's Front Govt), dies at 77 1953 Roderich Mojsisovics-Mojsvar composer, dies at 75 1955 Harl McDonald US composer (Santa Fé Trail), dies at 55 1960 Fritz Klimsch German sculptor/painter, dies at 90 1960 Joseph Haas German opera composer (Totenmesse), dies at 81 1961 P J Melotte discovered Jupiter's 8th satellite Pasiphae, dies 1963 Alexander Vasil'yevich Gauk composer, dies at 69 1964 Willem CN Andriessen Dutch composer/pianist (Beethoven), dies at 76 1966 Erwin Piscator German director (Plebeians test rebellion), dies at 72 1966 Maxfield Parrish US painter, dies at 95 1969 Lucien Bianchi Belgian auto racer, dies at 34 1971 Selmer Jackson actor (Life & Legend of Wyatt Earp), dies at 82 1972 Gabriel Heather US news anchor, dies at 81 1972 Peter Whitney actor (Rough Riders), dies at 55 1974 Ludovicus J Rogier Dutch historian (Reborn in Freedom), dies at 79 1975 Peter Bamm writer, dies 1976 Jacqueline Royaards-Sandberg actress (Hostage Rights), dies at 99 1977 Levko Mykolayevich Revutsky composer, dies at 88 1978 George Paine lefty cricket spinner (for England in West Indies 1935), dies 1978 Harold Gimblett cricketer (Batted in 3 Tests for England), suicide 1979 Airey Neave British MP (Conservatives), killed by terrorist bomb 1981 Dewitt Wallace US founder (Reader's Digest), dies at 91 1981 Noel Harford cricketer (8 Tests for New Zealand 1955-58), dies 1983 Pál Kadosa Hungarian composer/pianist, dies at 79 1984 Peter Yarrall strongest Englishman/weighed 826 lb (374.7 kg), dies 1985 Harold Peary actor (Herb-Blondie, Willy), dies of heart attack at 76 1986 James F Cagney actor (Public Enemy, Angels With Dirty Faces, Yankee Doodle Dandy), dies at his Stanfordville NY farm at 86 1986 John Ciardi US poet/interpreter (Dante), dies at 69 1989 Dort Clark actor (In Harm's Way), dies 1991 Jan Willem Hofstra Dutch actor/writer (Friends of My Friends), dies 1992 Art Hannes announcer, dies of a respiratory ailment at 72 1992 Luigi De Laurentiis Italian producer (Toto, Macaroni), dies 1993 Jeremy Siegrist actor (Adventures of Darly & Samy), dies hiking at 20 1993 Richard C Diebenkorn Jr US painter (Ocean Park Paintings), dies at 70 1994 Albert Goldman rock biographer (Elvis, John Lennon), dies at 66 1994 Sid Weiss bassist, dies at 79 1995 Graham Anthony Richard Lock cricketer, dies at 65 1995 Paul A Rothchild record producer, dies at 59 1995 Rozelle Claxton pianist/arranger, dies at 82 1995 Tony Lock cricketer (174 wickets for England), dies 1996 Hugh Edward Lance Falkus filmmaker/naturalist, dies at 78 1996 Ryoei Saito businessman, dies at 79 2002 HM Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother dies at Royal Lodge, Windsor, at 101
BB-39 USS ARIZONA- 03-31-2006
1775 King George endorses New England Restraining Act
Hoping to keep the New England colonies dependent on the British, King George III formally endorses the New England Restraining Act on this day in 1775. The New England Restraining Act required New England colonies to trade exclusively with Great Britain as of July 1. An additional rule would come into effect on July 20, banning colonists from fishing in the North Atlantic.
The British prime minister, Frederick, Lord North, introduced the Restraining Act and the Conciliatory Proposition to Parliament on the same day. The Conciliatory Proposition promised that no colony that met its share of imperial defenses and paid royal officials’ salaries of their own accord would be taxed. The act conceded to the colonists’ demand that they be allowed to provide the crown with needed funds on a voluntary basis. In other words, Parliament would ask for money through requisitions, not demand it through taxes. The Restraining Act was meant to appease Parliamentary hardliners, who would otherwise have impeded passage of the pacifying proposition.
Unfortunately for North and prospects for peace, he had already sent General Thomas Gage orders to march on Concord, Massachusetts, to destroy the armaments stockpiled in the town, and take Patriot leaders John Hancock and Samuel Adams into custody. The orders were given in January 1775 and arrived in Boston before the Conciliatory Proposition. Thus, on April 18, 700 Redcoats marched towards Concord Bridge. The military action led to the Revolutionary War, the birth of the United States as a new nation, the temporary downfall of Lord North and the near abdication of King George III. The Treaty of Paris marking the conflict’s end guaranteed New Englanders the right to fish off Newfoundland--the right denied them by the New England Restraining Act. __________________________________________________________________
1825 Samuel Bell Maxey born
Confederate General Samuel Maxey is born in Tompkinsville, Kentucky. Maxey served in the West and led Native Americans troops in Indian Territory.
Maxey attended West Point and graduated in 1846, second to last in a class of 59. He was sent immediately to fight in the Mexican War. Although he did well there and fought at the Battle of Cerro Gordo, Maxey resigned his commission after the war to study law in Kentucky. In 1857, he moved to Texas and became active in politics. When the war began, he raised a regiment, the 9th Texas Infantry, and took his unit to fight in Mississippi. Maxey was promoted to brigadier general in March 1862 and his force participated in the Vicksburg campaign before aiding in the defense of Port Hudson, Louisiana. He was fortunate to avoid capture when those locations fell into Union hands, and Maxey was shipped to assist in the Confederate siege of Chattanooga in September 1863.
While there, Maxey received a promotion to commander of Indian Territory. In 1864, he worked to recruit and train members of the Cherokee, Creek, and Choctaw tribes. On April 18, 1864, troops under Maxey's command attacked a Union wagon train at Poison Springs, Arkansas. They routed the federal force, which was led by the 1st Kansas Colored Regiment. Maxey's men proceeded to kill all black soldiers who were wounded or captured.
After the war, Maxey continued to support his Native American friends when he served in the U.S. Senate and was an outspoken advocate of Indian rights. He died in 1895. __________________________________________________________________
1918 Allied troops halt Germans at Moreuil Wood
On March 30, 1918, British, Australian and Canadian troops mount a successful counter-attack against the German offensive at Moreuil Wood, recapturing most of the area and forcing a turn in the tide of the battle in favor of the Allies.
After launching the first stage of a major spring offensive on March 21, 1918—masterminded by Erich von Ludendorff, chief of the German general staff—the German army swiftly pushed through the British 5th Army along the Somme, crossing the river on March 24. Their attacks were less successful to the north, however, around the crucially important Vimy Ridge, where Britain’s 3rd Army successfully held its positions. Determined to push on toward Paris, Ludendorff threw his troops against the town of Amiens. To Ludendorff’s distress, although they came within 11 miles of the city, the Germans had great difficulty capturing Amiens and its railway junction, which the British and French were told to hold at all costs. Lacking sufficient cavalry, the Germans also had problems delivering artillery and supplies to their front-line troops; those troops also received no relief, and were expected to sustain the momentum of the attack all on their own.
By the morning of March 30, the Germans had occupied Moreuil Wood, some 20 kilometers south of Amiens. On that day, an Allied force including British and Canadian cavalry and air brigades confronted the Germans head-on. By the end of the day, the Allies had managed to halt the German advance at Moreuil Wood, despite suffering heavy casualties.
The events at Moreuil Wood broke the momentum of the German attacks. While the operation had technically been successful, resulting in a gain of almost 40 miles of territory and inflicting heavy losses on the Allies—177,739 British troops died or were taken prisoner during the battle, at a daily rate of 11,000 men, while the French lost nearly 80,000—German troops had also lost over a quarter of a million men to injury or death. The casualties included Ludendorff’s own stepson, a German pilot shot down over the battlefield during the attacks. Ludendorff called off the attacks on April 5; the next stage of the offensive would begin just four days later.
By early April 1918, both the Allies and the Central Powers had entered a crucial period of reckoning. A major German victory on the Western Front would mean the end of the war, in their favor. As British Prime Minister David Lloyd George told the leaders of the British Dominions in a speech on March 31: “The last man may count.” The Allies, at least, could count on fresh infusions from the United States, which increased its troops in France to more than 300,000 by the end of that month. For their part, the Germans were prepared to wager everything they had on this spring offensive—the last they would undertake in World War I. ____________________________________________________________________
1940 Japanese set up puppet regime at Nanking
On this day, Japan establishes its own government in conquered Nanking, the former capital of Nationalist China.
In 1937, Japan drummed up a rationale for war against Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist China (claiming Chinese troops attacked Japanese troops on maneuvers in a so-called "autonomous" region of China) and invaded northeastern China, bombing Shanghai and carving out a new state, Manchukuo.
Money and supplies poured into Free China from the United States, Britain, and France, until the Burma Road, which permitted free passage of goods into China from the West, was closed after a Japanese invasion of Indochina. Making matters more difficult, Chiang was forced to fight on two fronts: one against the Japanese (with U.S. help in the person of Gen. Joseph Stillwell, Chiang's chief of staff), and another against his ongoing political nemesis, the Chinese Communists, led by Mao Tse-tung. (Although the United States advised concentrating on the Japanese first as the pre-eminent threat, Chiang was slow to listen.)
The Japanese proceeded to prosecute a war of terror in Manchukuo. With the capture of Nanking (formerly the Nationalist Chinese capital, which was now relocated to Chungking) by the Central China Front Army in December 1937, atrocities virtually unparalleled commenced. The army, under orders of its commander, Gen. Matsui Iwane, carried out the mass execution of more than 50,000 civilians, as well as tens of thousands of rapes. Nanking and surrounding areas were burned and looted, with one-third of its buildings utterly destroyed. The "Rape of Nanking" galvanized Western animus against the Japanese.
On March 30, 1940, Nanking was declared by the Japanese to be the center of a new Chinese government, a regime controlled by Wang Ching-wei, a defector from the Nationalist cause and now a Japanese puppet. __________________________________________________________________
1965 Bomb explodes outside U.S. Embassy in Saigon
A bomb explodes in a car parked in front of the U.S. Embassy in Saigon, virtually destroying the building and killing 19 Vietnamese, 2 Americans, and 1 Filipino; 183 others were injured. Congress quickly appropriated $1 million to reconstruct the embassy. Although some U.S. military leaders advocated special retaliatory raids on North Vietnam, President Lyndon B. Johnson refused. _________________________________________________________________
1972 North Vietnamese launch Nguyen Hue Offensive
A major coordinated communist offensive opens with the heaviest military action since the sieges of Allied bases at Con Thien and Khe Sanh in 1968. Committing almost their entire army to the offensive, the North Vietnamese launched a massive three-pronged attack into South Vietnam. Four North Vietnamese divisions attacked directly across the Demilitarized Zone in Quang Tri province. Thirty-five South Vietnamese soldiers died in the initial attack and hundreds of civilians and soldiers were wounded.
Following the initial assault in Quang Tri province, the North Vietnamese launched two more major attacks: at An Loc in Binh Long Province, 60 miles north of Saigon; and at Kontum in the Central Highlands. With the three attacks, the North Vietnamese committed 500 tanks and 150,000 men, as well as thousands of Viet Cong, supported by heavy rocket and artillery fire.
After initial successes, especially against the newly formed South Vietnamese 3rd Division in Quang Tri, the North Vietnamese attack was stopped cold by the combination of defending South Vietnamese divisions (along with their U.S. advisers) and massive American airpower. Estimates placed the North Vietnamese losses at more than 100,000 and at least one-half of their tanks and large caliber artillery
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